Both membrane stretch and fatty acids directly activate large conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels in vascular smooth muscle cells

Large conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels in rabbit pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells are activated by membrane stretch and by arachidonic acid and other fatty acids. Activation by stretch appears to occur by a direct effect of stretch on the channel itself or a closely associated component. In excised inside-out patches stretch activation was seen under conditions which precluded possible mechanisms involving cytosolic factors, release of Ca²⁺ from intracellular stores, or stretch induced transmembrane flux of Ca²⁺ or other ions potentially capable or activating the channel, Fatty acids also directly activate this channel. Like stretch activation, fatty acid activation occurs in excised inside-out patches in the absence of cytosolic constituents. Moreover, the channel is activated by fatty acids which, unlike arachidonic acid, are not substrates for the cyclo-oxygenase or lypoxygenase pathways, indicating that oxygenated metabolites do not mediate the response. Thus, four distinct types of stimuli (cytosolic Ca²⁺, membrane potential, membrane stretch, and fatty acids) can directly affect the activity of this channel.