Caldera resurgence during the 2018 eruption of Sierra Negra volcano, Galápagos Islands

Andrew F. Bell; Peter C. La Femina; Mario Ruiz; Falk Amelung; Marco Bagnardi; Christopher J. Bean; Benjamin Bernard; Cynthia Ebinger; Matthew Gleeson; James Grannell; Stephen Hernandez; Machel Higgins; Céline Liorzou; Paul Lundgren; Nathan J. Meier; Martin Möllhoff; Sarah Jaye Oliva; Andres Gorki Ruiz; Michael J. Stock

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21596-4

Caldera resurgence during the 2018 eruption of Sierra Negra volcano, Galápagos Islands

Andrew F. Bell, Peter C. La Femina, Mario Ruiz, Falk Amelung, Marco Bagnardi, Christopher J. Bean, Benjamin Bernard, Cynthia Ebinger, Matthew Gleeson, James Grannell, Stephen Hernandez, Machel Higgins, Céline Liorzou, Paul Lundgren, Nathan J. Meier, Martin Möllhoff, Sarah Jaye Oliva, Andres Gorki Ruiz, Michael J. Stock

Geosciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

40 Scopus citations

Abstract

Recent large basaltic eruptions began after only minor surface uplift and seismicity, and resulted in caldera subsidence. In contrast, some eruptions at Galápagos Island volcanoes are preceded by prolonged, large amplitude uplift and elevated seismicity. These systems also display long-term intra-caldera uplift, or resurgence. However, a scarcity of observations has obscured the mechanisms underpinning such behaviour. Here we combine a unique multiparametric dataset to show how the 2018 eruption of Sierra Negra contributed to caldera resurgence. Magma supply to a shallow reservoir drove 6.5 m of pre-eruptive uplift and seismicity over thirteen years, including an Mw5.4 earthquake that triggered the eruption. Although co-eruptive magma withdrawal resulted in 8.5 m of subsidence, net uplift of the inner-caldera on a trapdoor fault resulted in 1.5 m of permanent resurgence. These observations reveal the importance of intra-caldera faulting in affecting resurgence, and the mechanisms of eruption in the absence of well-developed rift systems.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	1397
Journal	Nature communications
Volume	12
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21596-4
State	Published - Dec 1 2021

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

General Chemistry
General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
General Physics and Astronomy

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Bell, A. F., La Femina, P. C., Ruiz, M., Amelung, F., Bagnardi, M., Bean, C. J., Bernard, B., Ebinger, C., Gleeson, M., Grannell, J., Hernandez, S., Higgins, M., Liorzou, C., Lundgren, P., Meier, N. J., Möllhoff, M., Oliva, S. J., Ruiz, A. G., & Stock, M. J. (2021). Caldera resurgence during the 2018 eruption of Sierra Negra volcano, Galápagos Islands. Nature communications, 12(1), Article 1397. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21596-4

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title = "Caldera resurgence during the 2018 eruption of Sierra Negra volcano, Gal{\'a}pagos Islands",

abstract = "Recent large basaltic eruptions began after only minor surface uplift and seismicity, and resulted in caldera subsidence. In contrast, some eruptions at Gal{\'a}pagos Island volcanoes are preceded by prolonged, large amplitude uplift and elevated seismicity. These systems also display long-term intra-caldera uplift, or resurgence. However, a scarcity of observations has obscured the mechanisms underpinning such behaviour. Here we combine a unique multiparametric dataset to show how the 2018 eruption of Sierra Negra contributed to caldera resurgence. Magma supply to a shallow reservoir drove 6.5 m of pre-eruptive uplift and seismicity over thirteen years, including an Mw5.4 earthquake that triggered the eruption. Although co-eruptive magma withdrawal resulted in 8.5 m of subsidence, net uplift of the inner-caldera on a trapdoor fault resulted in 1.5 m of permanent resurgence. These observations reveal the importance of intra-caldera faulting in affecting resurgence, and the mechanisms of eruption in the absence of well-developed rift systems.",

author = "Bell, {Andrew F.} and {La Femina}, {Peter C.} and Mario Ruiz and Falk Amelung and Marco Bagnardi and Bean, {Christopher J.} and Benjamin Bernard and Cynthia Ebinger and Matthew Gleeson and James Grannell and Stephen Hernandez and Machel Higgins and C{\'e}line Liorzou and Paul Lundgren and Meier, {Nathan J.} and Martin M{\"o}llhoff and Oliva, {Sarah Jaye} and Ruiz, {Andres Gorki} and Stock, {Michael J.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s).",

year = "2021",

month = dec,

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doi = "10.1038/s41467-021-21596-4",

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Bell, AF, La Femina, PC, Ruiz, M, Amelung, F, Bagnardi, M, Bean, CJ, Bernard, B, Ebinger, C, Gleeson, M, Grannell, J, Hernandez, S, Higgins, M, Liorzou, C, Lundgren, P, Meier, NJ, Möllhoff, M, Oliva, SJ, Ruiz, AG & Stock, MJ 2021, 'Caldera resurgence during the 2018 eruption of Sierra Negra volcano, Galápagos Islands', Nature communications, vol. 12, no. 1, 1397. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21596-4

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T1 - Caldera resurgence during the 2018 eruption of Sierra Negra volcano, Galápagos Islands

AU - Bell, Andrew F.

AU - La Femina, Peter C.

AU - Ruiz, Mario

AU - Amelung, Falk

AU - Bagnardi, Marco

AU - Bean, Christopher J.

AU - Bernard, Benjamin

AU - Ebinger, Cynthia

AU - Gleeson, Matthew

AU - Grannell, James

AU - Hernandez, Stephen

AU - Higgins, Machel

AU - Liorzou, Céline

AU - Lundgren, Paul

AU - Meier, Nathan J.

AU - Möllhoff, Martin

AU - Oliva, Sarah Jaye

AU - Ruiz, Andres Gorki

AU - Stock, Michael J.

PY - 2021/12/1

Y1 - 2021/12/1

N2 - Recent large basaltic eruptions began after only minor surface uplift and seismicity, and resulted in caldera subsidence. In contrast, some eruptions at Galápagos Island volcanoes are preceded by prolonged, large amplitude uplift and elevated seismicity. These systems also display long-term intra-caldera uplift, or resurgence. However, a scarcity of observations has obscured the mechanisms underpinning such behaviour. Here we combine a unique multiparametric dataset to show how the 2018 eruption of Sierra Negra contributed to caldera resurgence. Magma supply to a shallow reservoir drove 6.5 m of pre-eruptive uplift and seismicity over thirteen years, including an Mw5.4 earthquake that triggered the eruption. Although co-eruptive magma withdrawal resulted in 8.5 m of subsidence, net uplift of the inner-caldera on a trapdoor fault resulted in 1.5 m of permanent resurgence. These observations reveal the importance of intra-caldera faulting in affecting resurgence, and the mechanisms of eruption in the absence of well-developed rift systems.

AB - Recent large basaltic eruptions began after only minor surface uplift and seismicity, and resulted in caldera subsidence. In contrast, some eruptions at Galápagos Island volcanoes are preceded by prolonged, large amplitude uplift and elevated seismicity. These systems also display long-term intra-caldera uplift, or resurgence. However, a scarcity of observations has obscured the mechanisms underpinning such behaviour. Here we combine a unique multiparametric dataset to show how the 2018 eruption of Sierra Negra contributed to caldera resurgence. Magma supply to a shallow reservoir drove 6.5 m of pre-eruptive uplift and seismicity over thirteen years, including an Mw5.4 earthquake that triggered the eruption. Although co-eruptive magma withdrawal resulted in 8.5 m of subsidence, net uplift of the inner-caldera on a trapdoor fault resulted in 1.5 m of permanent resurgence. These observations reveal the importance of intra-caldera faulting in affecting resurgence, and the mechanisms of eruption in the absence of well-developed rift systems.

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JF - Nature communications

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Caldera resurgence during the 2018 eruption of Sierra Negra volcano, Galápagos Islands

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