Cannabis modalities matter for momentary subjective drug effects

Purpose Modes of cannabis use, or modalities, have been linked to both concurrent and longitudinal outcomes as modes may influence individuals’ subjective experiences. However, the existing literature relies predominantly on experimental studies, observational surveys, and daily diary methods. The present study aimed to address this gap by using intensive repeated assessment data [e.g., ecological momentary assessment (EMA)] to examine associations between cannabis modalities and momentary subjective drug effects. Results A sample of 215 young adults who recreationally used cannabis (56.7% female, Mean age = 21 years) reported on cannabis use including patterns (e.g., modalities) and subjective drug effects across 21 days of EMA. Bong use was associated with greater momentary ‘good effects’, ‘liking’, and ‘willingness to take cannabis again’ compared to moments when a bowl was used. Vaporizer use was associated with lower subjective intoxication. When edibles were used, ‘willingness to take cannabis again’ was lower. Conclusions Findings suggest that specific modalities (e.g., bong, vaporizer, edible) are associated with distinct subjective drug effects (e.g., intoxication, ‘good effects', ‘liking’, ‘willingness to take cannabis again’), which have previously been identified as key factors related to sustained and hazardous cannabis use. This highlights the importance of considering cannabis modalities in relation to their impact on misuse-related effects as well as to inform harm reduction approaches and early intervention strategies.