Capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of single cells: Sampling, detection, and applications

Conventional analysis of biological specimens typically involves sampling from populations of cells (e.g., tissue homogenates). The heterogeneity of these populations, however, often yields information averaged over various types of cells. Single-cell sampling, on the other hand, allows researchers to study fundamental processes, which may not be observed in a heterogeneous cell population. To look at these processes at the single-cell level, analytical techniques must have the capability to utilize small volumes and investigate a variety of compounds concurrently. Obtaining both quantitative and qualitative information from single cells in complex biological environments allows researchers to learn more about basic cellular function as well as the mechanisms of drugs and toxins.