Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol: Current Status and Future Perspective

With the increasing environmental problems caused by carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission and the ultimate carbon resources needed for the development of human society, CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol with H₂ produced with renewable energy represents a promising path forward. Comprehensive analysis shows that the production of methanol by thermal catalytic CO₂ hydrogenation is the most promising technology for large-scale industrialization. This review highlights current developments and future perspectives in the production of methanol from CO_2, as well as the main existing problems based on a thorough techno-economic analysis. Moreover, the utilization status and future role of methanol as a platform molecule in the energy system is analyzed. Finally, in this review attention is paid to the development of new catalysts, new routes and new technologies for CO₂ conversion aiming to clarify the future direction.