Changing self-perceptions of aging in China: a cohort analysis

Self-perceptions of aging are important predictors of health and longevity. These perceptions are shaped by internal developmental processes and broader social contexts. Using eight waves of pooled panel data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (1998–2018), this study examines inter- and intra-cohort variations in older adults’ self-perceptions of aging among a sample of older adults aged between 65 and 99 at baseline survey (baseline mean age = 80, N = 38,663), born between 1898 and 1949. The results show an overall cohort-based decline in positive self-perceptions of aging, with a potential reversal for the latest-born cohort (1945–1949). Net of cohort effects, older adults experience a decline in positive self-perceptions of aging as they age. Better socioeconomic status is associated with more positive self-perceptions of aging, but it does not slow down age-related declines. These patterns remain after adjusting for demographic characteristics, life course events (e.g., marriage, living arrangements, place of residence), attrition, and health. The findings highlight the interplay between historical contexts and internal development processes in shaping self-perceptions of aging. It also underscores the need for tailored intervention programs addressing different stages of aging.