Characteristics and Outcomes of Limb Loss Support Groups

Objective: To systematically understand the structure and outcomes of limb loss support groups. Data Sources: Literature review performed during June and July 2024. Search strategy included terms related to amputation and support group. Databases included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. Publication range was 2009-2024. Study Selection: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metanalyses methodology was used to identify 7 appropriate articles of 199 initial articles. Study quality was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scale. Data Extraction: Logic model constructs were used to extract support group inputs, outputs, and outcomes, and Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change constructs were used to extract recommendations/strategies. Data Synthesis: All 7 studies discussed inputs including participant age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Most support groups were predominantly White and younger and had more affluent attendees than the general limb loss population. Outputs were discussed in 5 studies, with location, group leadership, and other personnel being the most commonly discussed outputs. All studies discussed positive outcomes such as physical ability and mobility improvement on the Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility, emotional development with improved Posttraumatic Growth Index scores and depression symptoms, and learning and prosthesis advancement with improved self-efficacy and return to life. Six articles discussed implementation strategies including facilitation of support groups, promotion of adaptability, shadowing of other experts, and tailoring of strategies. Conclusions: These data highlight structure, development strategies, and positive effects of support groups for mobility, emotional well-being, and learning in individuals with limb loss. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the need for continued investigation into support mechanisms and formal incorporation of support groups into limb loss rehabilitation programs.