Characterization of the metal centers of the Ni/Fe-S component of the carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase enzyme complex from Methanosarcina thermophila

Methanosarcina thermophila contains a multienzyme complex called the carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase complex, which has been resolved into a nickel/iron-sulfur and a corrinoid/iron-sulfur component. This complex plays a central role in acetoclastic methanogenesis. The Ni/Fe-S component catalyzes CO oxidation and has been proposed to be involved in cleavage of acetyl-CoA into its methyl, carbonyl, and CoA moieties. In the work reported here, three metal centers in the Ni/Fe-S component were characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and spectroelectrochemistry and pre-steady state kinetics. Center A contains nickel and iron and forms an EPR active adduct with CO, which is called the NiFeC species. The EPR spectrum of the NiFeC species has g values of 2.059, 2.051, and 2.029 and is observable at temperatures as high as 150 K. This signal had previously been observed only in the carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase complex of M. thermophila and the acetyl-CoA synthase from acetate-producing bacteria. Incubation of the CO-reduced Ni/Fe-S component with acetyl-CoA resulted in an increase in intensity of the NiFeC signal, which supports a role for the component in the cleavage of acetyl-CoA. Generation of the NiFeC EPR signal occurs with a rate constant of 0.4 s^-1, a result that demonstrates the kinetic competence of this species in the acetyl-CoA cleavage reaction but rules it out as the site of oxidation of CO to CO₂. Center B is likely to be a [4Fe-4S](2+/1+) center with g values of 2.04, 1.93, and 1.89 (g(av) = 1.95) and a standard reduction potential (E'₀) of - 444 mV. At potentials less than -500 mV, another EPR signal develops that appears to originate from another state of Center B. Center C is a fast relaxing center with g values of 2.02, 1.88, and 1.71 (g(av) = 1.87) and an E'₀ of -154 mV.