TY - JOUR
T1 - Characterizing the content and quality of internet resources on exercise training in Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes and generalized hypermobility spectrum disorder
AU - Dhawan, Jillian
AU - Sohrabipour, Sahar
AU - Al-Timimi, Ali Salman
AU - Elangeswaran, Brenawen
AU - Choudhary, Omer
AU - Kaabi, Noor Al
AU - Masthan, Megha Ibrahim
AU - Mina, Daniel Santa
AU - McGillis, Laura
AU - Truong, Wing Ting
AU - Perez, Encarna Camacho
AU - Schubart, Jane
AU - Lavallee, Mark
AU - Sheehan, Timothy
AU - Cherin, Neyha
AU - Mittal, Nimish
AU - Clarke, Hance
AU - Bascom, Rebecca
AU - Rozenberg, Dmitry
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 Dhawan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2025/6
Y1 - 2025/6
N2 - Background Individuals with Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes (EDS) and Generalized Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder (G-HSD) experience musculoskeletal joint instability, cardiopulmonary manifestations, and functional limitations with online exercise resources commonly utilized. This study characterizes and assesses the content, quality, and readability of websites addressing exercise training for individuals with EDS/G-HSD. Methods The first 350 English websites were Googled using search terms “Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and exercise” and “Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and physical activity,” targeting educational/instructional sites on exercise training for adults with EDS/G-HSD. Content was assessed using scientific consensus criteria, quality using Modified DISCERN, Global Quality Scale (GQS), and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT), and readability using Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and Flesh-Reading Ease Scores (FRES). Results 78/350 unique websites were included, most from industry organizations (37%) and personal commentary (24%). The mean content score was moderate 13.8 ± 4.4/25. The content most discussed included: short/long-term benefits of muscle strength, resistance training, and generalized exercise safety considerations. Median modified DISCERN and GQS scores were 4/5 IQR [3–4] and 3/5[2.3–4], respectively. Mean PEMAT understandability and actionability scores were 85% ± 12% and 69% ± 23%, respectively. Average FKGL was 11.0 ± 2.7 and FRES was 43.6 ± 7.2. Moderate-strong Spearman correlations were observed between total content scores and GQS (rho = 0.76) and DISCERN (rho = 0.52), p < 0.001 for both. Conclusion Website content varied, most addressing general safety recommendations and multiple training modalities. While quality was moderate-to-good, future resources should focus on simplified language, actionable guidance, and visual aids. Incorporating practical examples of daily activities, injury prevention strategies, broader benefits like cardiovascular health, and psychological support can empower safe and confident exercise training.
AB - Background Individuals with Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes (EDS) and Generalized Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder (G-HSD) experience musculoskeletal joint instability, cardiopulmonary manifestations, and functional limitations with online exercise resources commonly utilized. This study characterizes and assesses the content, quality, and readability of websites addressing exercise training for individuals with EDS/G-HSD. Methods The first 350 English websites were Googled using search terms “Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and exercise” and “Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and physical activity,” targeting educational/instructional sites on exercise training for adults with EDS/G-HSD. Content was assessed using scientific consensus criteria, quality using Modified DISCERN, Global Quality Scale (GQS), and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT), and readability using Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and Flesh-Reading Ease Scores (FRES). Results 78/350 unique websites were included, most from industry organizations (37%) and personal commentary (24%). The mean content score was moderate 13.8 ± 4.4/25. The content most discussed included: short/long-term benefits of muscle strength, resistance training, and generalized exercise safety considerations. Median modified DISCERN and GQS scores were 4/5 IQR [3–4] and 3/5[2.3–4], respectively. Mean PEMAT understandability and actionability scores were 85% ± 12% and 69% ± 23%, respectively. Average FKGL was 11.0 ± 2.7 and FRES was 43.6 ± 7.2. Moderate-strong Spearman correlations were observed between total content scores and GQS (rho = 0.76) and DISCERN (rho = 0.52), p < 0.001 for both. Conclusion Website content varied, most addressing general safety recommendations and multiple training modalities. While quality was moderate-to-good, future resources should focus on simplified language, actionable guidance, and visual aids. Incorporating practical examples of daily activities, injury prevention strategies, broader benefits like cardiovascular health, and psychological support can empower safe and confident exercise training.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105009166625
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105009166625#tab=citedBy
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0325709
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0325709
M3 - Article
C2 - 40570018
AN - SCOPUS:105009166625
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 20
JO - PloS one
JF - PloS one
IS - 6 JUNE
M1 - e0325709
ER -
