Chemodenervation and Neurolysis

Chemodenervation is the blockade of neuronal signaling at the neuromuscular junction using botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). Chemical neurolysis is the application of a chemical agent directly to a nerve or motor point to intentionally interfere with nerve conduction through destruction of a portion of the nerve. Neurolysis is performed with either phenol (carbolic acid) or high concentrations of ethyl alcohol. These procedures are typically performed to reduce spasticity or dystonia related to central nervous system disorders with the goal of achieving functional improvements. Effective use of chemodenervation and neurolysis can result in improvements in gait, independence, completion of ADLs, improved personal hygiene, reduction of caregiver burden, reduction of pain related to spasticity, improvement in self-image and mood, and prevention of contractures.