Climate change and cultural resilience in late pre-Columbian Amazonia

Jonas Gregorio de Souza, Mark Robinson, S. Yoshi Maezumi, José Capriles, Julie A. Hoggarth, Umberto Lombardo, Valdir Felipe Novello, James Apaéstegui, Bronwen Whitney, Dunia Urrego, Daiana Travassos Alves, Stephen Rostain, Mitchell J. Power, Francis E. Mayle, Francisco William da Cruz, Henry Hooghiemstra, José Iriarte

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

54 Scopus citations

Abstract

The long-term response of ancient societies to climate change has been a matter of global debate. Until recently, the lack of integrative studies using archaeological, palaeoecological and palaeoclimatological data prevented an evaluation of the relationship between climate change, distinct subsistence strategies and cultural transformations across the largest rainforest of the world, Amazonia. Here we review the most relevant cultural changes seen in the archaeological record of six different regions within Greater Amazonia during late pre-Columbian times. We compare the chronology of those cultural transitions with high-resolution regional palaeoclimate proxies, showing that, while some societies faced major reorganization during periods of climate change, others were unaffected and even flourished. We propose that societies with intensive, specialized land-use systems were vulnerable to transient climate change. In contrast, land-use systems that relied primarily on polyculture agroforestry, resulting in the formation of enriched forests and fertile Amazonian dark earth in the long term, were more resilient to climate change.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1007-1017
Number of pages11
JournalNature Ecology and Evolution
Volume3
Issue number7
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 1 2019

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
  • Ecology

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