TY - JOUR
T1 - Climate variability and aridity modulate the role of leaf shelters for arthropods
T2 - A global experiment
AU - Romero, Gustavo Q.
AU - Gonçalves-Souza, Thiago
AU - Roslin, Tomas
AU - Marquis, Robert J
AU - Marino, Nicholas A.C.
AU - Novotny, Vojtech
AU - Cornelissen, Tatiana
AU - Orivel, Jerome
AU - Sui, Shen
AU - Aires, Gustavo
AU - Antoniazzi, Reuber
AU - Dáttilo, Wesley
AU - Breviglieri, Crasso P B
AU - Busse, Annika
AU - Gibb, Heloise
AU - Izzo, Thiago J.
AU - Kadlec, Tomas
AU - Kemp, Victoria
AU - Kersch-Becker, Monica
AU - Knapp, Michal
AU - Kratina, Pavel
AU - Luke, Rebecca
AU - Majnarić, Stefan
AU - Maritz, Robin
AU - Mateus Martins, Paulo
AU - Mendesil, Esayas
AU - Michalko, Jaroslav
AU - Mrazova, Anna
AU - Novais, Samuel
AU - Pereira, Cássio C.
AU - Perić, Mirela S.
AU - Petermann, Jana S.
AU - Ribeiro, Sérvio P.
AU - Sam, Katerina
AU - Trzcinski, M. Kurtis
AU - Vieira, Camila
AU - Westwood, Natalie
AU - Bernaschini, Maria L.
AU - Carvajal, Valentina
AU - González, Ezequiel
AU - Jausoro, Mariana
AU - Kaensin, Stanis
AU - Ospina, Fabiola
AU - Cristóbal-Pérez, E. Jacob
AU - Quesada, Mauricio
AU - Rogy, Pierre
AU - Srivastava, Diane S
AU - Szpryngiel, Scarlett
AU - Tack, Ayco J.M.
AU - Teder, Tiit
AU - Videla, Martin
AU - Viljur, Mari Liis
AU - Koricheva, Julia
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PY - 2022/6
Y1 - 2022/6
N2 - Current climate change is disrupting biotic interactions and eroding biodiversity worldwide. However, species sensitive to aridity, high temperatures, and climate variability might find shelter in microclimatic refuges, such as leaf rolls built by arthropods. To explore how the importance of leaf shelters for terrestrial arthropods changes with latitude, elevation, and climate, we conducted a distributed experiment comparing arthropods in leaf rolls versus control leaves across 52 sites along an 11,790 km latitudinal gradient. We then probed the impact of short- versus long-term climatic impacts on roll use, by comparing the relative impact of conditions during the experiment versus average, baseline conditions at the site. Leaf shelters supported larger organisms and higher arthropod biomass and species diversity than non-rolled control leaves. However, the magnitude of the leaf rolls’ effect differed between long- and short-term climate conditions, metrics (species richness, biomass, and body size), and trophic groups (predators vs. herbivores). The effect of leaf rolls on predator richness was influenced only by baseline climate, increasing in magnitude in regions experiencing increased long-term aridity, regardless of latitude, elevation, and weather during the experiment. This suggests that shelter use by predators may be innate, and thus, driven by natural selection. In contrast, the effect of leaf rolls on predator biomass and predator body size decreased with increasing temperature, and increased with increasing precipitation, respectively, during the experiment. The magnitude of shelter usage by herbivores increased with the abundance of predators and decreased with increasing temperature during the experiment. Taken together, these results highlight that leaf roll use may have both proximal and ultimate causes. Projected increases in climate variability and aridity are, therefore, likely to increase the importance of biotic refugia in mitigating the effects of climate change on species persistence.
AB - Current climate change is disrupting biotic interactions and eroding biodiversity worldwide. However, species sensitive to aridity, high temperatures, and climate variability might find shelter in microclimatic refuges, such as leaf rolls built by arthropods. To explore how the importance of leaf shelters for terrestrial arthropods changes with latitude, elevation, and climate, we conducted a distributed experiment comparing arthropods in leaf rolls versus control leaves across 52 sites along an 11,790 km latitudinal gradient. We then probed the impact of short- versus long-term climatic impacts on roll use, by comparing the relative impact of conditions during the experiment versus average, baseline conditions at the site. Leaf shelters supported larger organisms and higher arthropod biomass and species diversity than non-rolled control leaves. However, the magnitude of the leaf rolls’ effect differed between long- and short-term climate conditions, metrics (species richness, biomass, and body size), and trophic groups (predators vs. herbivores). The effect of leaf rolls on predator richness was influenced only by baseline climate, increasing in magnitude in regions experiencing increased long-term aridity, regardless of latitude, elevation, and weather during the experiment. This suggests that shelter use by predators may be innate, and thus, driven by natural selection. In contrast, the effect of leaf rolls on predator biomass and predator body size decreased with increasing temperature, and increased with increasing precipitation, respectively, during the experiment. The magnitude of shelter usage by herbivores increased with the abundance of predators and decreased with increasing temperature during the experiment. Taken together, these results highlight that leaf roll use may have both proximal and ultimate causes. Projected increases in climate variability and aridity are, therefore, likely to increase the importance of biotic refugia in mitigating the effects of climate change on species persistence.
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U2 - 10.1111/gcb.16150
DO - 10.1111/gcb.16150
M3 - Article
C2 - 35243726
AN - SCOPUS:85126742334
SN - 1354-1013
VL - 28
SP - 3694
EP - 3710
JO - Global Change Biology
JF - Global Change Biology
IS - 11
ER -