Clinical characterization of the silent chronic pancreatitis patient: a single-center retrospective cohort study

Background Silent chronic pancreatitis (SCP) is a poorly understood subtype of chronic pancreatitis (CP) in which individuals describe little to no abdominal pain. The risk factors for SCP are unclear, and it is unknown whether there are differences in the clinical outcomes of SCP and painful CP. We set out to investigate the clinical features of SCP and the risk factors associated with this condition. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study using data from the Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center from 2019-2022. Two patient groups, the SCP cohort (23 patients) and the painful CP cohort (94 patients), were identified from consecutive clinics. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and logistic regression analyses (including variables with a P-value <0.1 on bivariate analysis) were performed to characterize the study cohort and to evaluate for independent associations with SCP. Results SCP was independently associated with older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.11; P=0.03) and male sex (OR 5.38, 95%CI 1.38-20.96; P=0.02), and inversely associated with current opioid use (OR 0.18, 95%CI 0.03-0.96; P=0.04). There was no association between SCP and current pain medication or diabetes mellitus. Conclusions Our study adds to the growing body of literature describing SCP as a condition associated with older age and male sex, and inversely associated with opioid use. We found no greater association of diabetes with SCP. Future larger longitudinal studies are needed to gain a better understanding of SCP.