TY - JOUR
T1 - Clinical quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM)
T2 - Biometal imaging and its emerging roles in patient care
AU - Wang, Yi
AU - Spincemaille, Pascal
AU - Liu, Zhe
AU - Dimov, Alexey
AU - Deh, Kofi
AU - Li, Jianqi
AU - Zhang, Yan
AU - Yao, Yihao
AU - Gillen, Kelly M.
AU - Wilman, Alan H.
AU - Gupta, Ajay
AU - Tsiouris, Apostolos John
AU - Kovanlikaya, Ilhami
AU - Chiang, Gloria Chia Yi
AU - Weinsaft, Jonathan W.
AU - Tanenbaum, Lawrence
AU - Chen, Weiwei
AU - Zhu, Wenzhen
AU - Chang, Shixin
AU - Lou, Min
AU - Kopell, Brian H.
AU - Kaplitt, Michael G.
AU - Devos, David
AU - Hirai, Toshinori
AU - Huang, Xuemei
AU - Korogi, Yukunori
AU - Shtilbans, Alexander
AU - Jahng, Geon Ho
AU - Pelletier, Daniel
AU - Gauthier, Susan A.
AU - Pitt, David
AU - Bush, Ashley I.
AU - Brittenham, Gary M.
AU - Prince, Martin R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
PY - 2017/10
Y1 - 2017/10
N2 - Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has enabled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tissue magnetic susceptibility to advance from simple qualitative detection of hypointense blooming artifacts to precise quantitative measurement of spatial biodistributions. QSM technology may be regarded to be sufficiently developed and validated to warrant wide dissemination for clinical applications of imaging isotropic susceptibility, which is dominated by metals in tissue, including iron and calcium. These biometals are highly regulated as vital participants in normal cellular biochemistry, and their dysregulations are manifested in a variety of pathologic processes. Therefore, QSM can be used to assess important tissue functions and disease. To facilitate QSM clinical translation, this review aims to organize pertinent information for implementing a robust automated QSM technique in routine MRI practice and to summarize available knowledge on diseases for which QSM can be used to improve patient care. In brief, QSM can be generated with postprocessing whenever gradient echo MRI is performed. QSM can be useful for diseases that involve neurodegeneration, inflammation, hemorrhage, abnormal oxygen consumption, substantial alterations in highly paramagnetic cellular iron, bone mineralization, or pathologic calcification; and for all disorders in which MRI diagnosis or surveillance requires contrast agent injection. Clinicians may consider integrating QSM into their routine imaging practices by including gradient echo sequences in all relevant MRI protocols. Level of Evidence: 1. Technical Efficacy: Stage 5. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:951–971.
AB - Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has enabled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tissue magnetic susceptibility to advance from simple qualitative detection of hypointense blooming artifacts to precise quantitative measurement of spatial biodistributions. QSM technology may be regarded to be sufficiently developed and validated to warrant wide dissemination for clinical applications of imaging isotropic susceptibility, which is dominated by metals in tissue, including iron and calcium. These biometals are highly regulated as vital participants in normal cellular biochemistry, and their dysregulations are manifested in a variety of pathologic processes. Therefore, QSM can be used to assess important tissue functions and disease. To facilitate QSM clinical translation, this review aims to organize pertinent information for implementing a robust automated QSM technique in routine MRI practice and to summarize available knowledge on diseases for which QSM can be used to improve patient care. In brief, QSM can be generated with postprocessing whenever gradient echo MRI is performed. QSM can be useful for diseases that involve neurodegeneration, inflammation, hemorrhage, abnormal oxygen consumption, substantial alterations in highly paramagnetic cellular iron, bone mineralization, or pathologic calcification; and for all disorders in which MRI diagnosis or surveillance requires contrast agent injection. Clinicians may consider integrating QSM into their routine imaging practices by including gradient echo sequences in all relevant MRI protocols. Level of Evidence: 1. Technical Efficacy: Stage 5. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:951–971.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85015188941&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85015188941&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/jmri.25693
DO - 10.1002/jmri.25693
M3 - Review article
C2 - 28295954
AN - SCOPUS:85015188941
SN - 1053-1807
VL - 46
SP - 951
EP - 971
JO - Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
JF - Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
IS - 4
ER -