TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparing gender expression, gender nonconformity, and parents' responses of female-to-male and male-to-female transgender youth
T2 - Implications for counseling
AU - Grossman, Arnold H.
AU - D'Augelli, Anthony R.
AU - Salter, Nicholas P.
AU - Hubbard, Steven M.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to acknowledge the staff and volunteers of the agencies and groups who cooperated in recruiting participants. Timothy O’Connell is thanked for assistance with the research design and for his management skills that helped the project begin. They also thank the study participants. This research was supported by the Research Challenge Fund of New York University.
PY - 2006/1/10
Y1 - 2006/1/10
N2 - Twenty-four female-to-male (FTM) and 31 male-to-female (MTF) transgender youth reported on their gender development and expression, and parental responses to their gender nonconformity. Both groups of youth felt different from others of their same birth sex at a mean age of seven and one-half years. The age when parents suggested they were different was younger for the MTF than the FTM youth. The MTF youth were called "sissy" at an earlier age than the FTM were called "tomboy." Parents of FTM youth encouraged them to act in more traditional gender typical ways at a younger age than the MTF. The MTF youth considered themselves transgender two years earlier than the FTM youth. More parents of MTF youth felt that their children needed counseling than the parents of the FTM youth. While the majority of both groups reported past verbal victimization, comparatively more MTF youth reported being physically victimized. Implications of the developmental trajectories and experiences of transgender youth for school and family counselors are discussed.
AB - Twenty-four female-to-male (FTM) and 31 male-to-female (MTF) transgender youth reported on their gender development and expression, and parental responses to their gender nonconformity. Both groups of youth felt different from others of their same birth sex at a mean age of seven and one-half years. The age when parents suggested they were different was younger for the MTF than the FTM youth. The MTF youth were called "sissy" at an earlier age than the FTM were called "tomboy." Parents of FTM youth encouraged them to act in more traditional gender typical ways at a younger age than the MTF. The MTF youth considered themselves transgender two years earlier than the FTM youth. More parents of MTF youth felt that their children needed counseling than the parents of the FTM youth. While the majority of both groups reported past verbal victimization, comparatively more MTF youth reported being physically victimized. Implications of the developmental trajectories and experiences of transgender youth for school and family counselors are discussed.
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U2 - 10.1300/J462v01n01_04
DO - 10.1300/J462v01n01_04
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:33747501315
SN - 1553-8605
VL - 1
SP - 41
EP - 59
JO - Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling
JF - Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling
IS - 1
ER -
