Compartment syndromes in athletes

Compartment syndromes occur frequently in the leg in association with athletics, but may occur in the forearm and many other muscular compartments as well. Similar inciting events may result in either acute or chronic forms with vastly different clinical presentations. With an understanding of the anatomy and pathophysiology, and the ability to directly measure compartment pressures, an accurate diagnosis can be readily made. Acute forms require immediate fascial release to minimize muscle and nerve injury. Surgical treatment of the chronic form is highly successful and usually allows an early return to athletics.