Concluding Remarks

The profound impact that mathematics has had on nearly every sphere of human endeavour and activity (from space travel, transportation, telecommunications to even the food industry) is clear and undisputed. However, the biomedical sciences remained (until the mid-twentieth century) one of the last unexplored frontiers, where mathematics had yet to make as profound an impact as in other fields. The situation has changed dramatically in the twenty-first century, and the mathematical sciences are now firmly entwined with the biomedical sciences heralding the prospects of dramatic advances in the biomedical sciences (as occurred due to the synergetic interaction of the mathematical and physical sciences in the first half of the twentieth century).