Contracts between managers and investors: A study of master limited partnership agreements

We analyze a sample of 119 master limited partnership agreements to examine the linkages between the contractual design and performance of organizations. Consistent with either efficient self-selection or focus arguments, partnerships that contractually limit their scope of operations tend to have superior industry-adjusted operating performance. We also find that contracting can substitute for equity ownership as a control mechanism. Partnerships with agreements unfavorable to investors tend to have higher proportions of insider equity ownership, compared to those with agreements more protective of investors.