@article{dbf418d092f44f5da7f7839ed23c192a,
title = "Cosmic ray spectrum and composition from PeV to EeV using 3 years of data from IceTop and IceCube",
abstract = "We report on measurements of the all-particle cosmic ray energy spectrum and composition in the PeV to EeV energy range using 3 years of data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The IceTop detector measures cosmic ray induced air showers on the surface of the ice, from which the energy spectrum of cosmic rays is determined by making additional assumptions about the mass composition. A separate measurement is performed when IceTop data are analyzed in coincidence with the high-energy muon energy loss information from the deep in-ice IceCube detector. In this measurement, both the spectrum and the mass composition of the primary cosmic rays are simultaneously reconstructed using a neural network trained on observables from both detectors. The performance and relative advantages of these two distinct analyses are discussed, including the systematic uncertainties and the dependence on the hadronic interaction models, and both all-particle spectra as well as individual spectra for elemental groups are presented.",
author = "{IceCube Collaboration} and Aartsen, {M. G.} and M. Ackermann and J. Adams and Aguilar, {J. A.} and M. Ahlers and M. Ahrens and C. Alispach and K. Andeen and T. Anderson and I. Ansseau and G. Anton and C. Arg{\"u}elles and J. Auffenberg and S. Axani and P. Backes and H. Bagherpour and X. Bai and A. Barbano and Barwick, {S. W.} and V. Baum and S. Baur and R. Bay and Beatty, {J. J.} and Becker, {K. H.} and {Becker Tjus}, J. and S. Benzvi and D. Berley and E. Bernardini and Besson, {D. Z.} and G. Binder and D. Bindig and E. Blaufuss and S. Blot and C. Bohm and M. B{\"o}rner and S. B{\"o}ser and O. Botner and J. B{\"o}ttcher and E. Bourbeau and J. Bourbeau and F. Bradascio and J. Braun and Bretz, {H. P.} and S. Bron and J. Brostean-Kaiser and A. Burgman and J. Buscher and Busse, {R. S.} and T. Carver and Cowen, {D. F.}",
note = "Funding Information: The IceCube Collaboration acknowledges the significant contributions to this article from Marquette University, the University of Alaska Anchorage, and the University of Gent. This paper also profited enormously from the contributions of our departed colleague Stefan Westerhoff. United States—U.S. National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs, U.S. National Science Foundation-Physics Division, Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, Center for High Throughput Computing at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Open Science Grid, Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment, U.S. Department of Energy-National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, Particle astrophysics research computing center at the University of Maryland, Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research at Michigan State University, and Astroparticle physics computational facility at Marquette University; Belgium—Funds for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS and FWO), FWO Odysseus and Big Science programmes, and Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); Germany—Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Bildung und Forschung, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics, Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, and High Performance Computing cluster of the RWTH Aachen; Sweden—Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing, and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Australia—Australian Research Council; Canada—Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Calcul Qu{\'e}bec, Compute Ontario, Canada Foundation for Innovation, WestGrid, and Compute Canada; Denmark—Villum Fonden, Danish National Research Foundation, Carlsberg Foundation; New Zealand—Marsden Fund; Japan—Japan Society for Promotion of Science and Institute for Global Prominent Research of Chiba University; Korea—National Research Foundation of Korea; Switzerland—Swiss National Science Foundation; United Kingdom—Department of Physics, University of Oxford. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 American Physical Society.",
year = "2019",
month = oct,
day = "23",
doi = "10.1103/PhysRevD.100.082002",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "100",
journal = "Physical Review D",
issn = "2470-0010",
publisher = "American Physical Society",
number = "8",
}