TY - JOUR
T1 - Coupled Evolution of Deformation, Pore Fluid Pressure, and Fluid Flow in Shallow Subduction Forearcs
AU - Sun, Tianhaozhe
AU - Ellis, Susan
AU - Saffer, Demian
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank three anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor Brandon Dugan for their in-depth review and constructive suggestions on this paper. This work was funded by NSF EAR Award 1616664 to D.S. and an IODP Exp 380 post-cruise award to T.S., provided by USSSP. S.E. was supported by MBIE Endeavour fund “Hikurangi subduction earthquakes and slip behavior” and by core science funding to GNS Science. Marsden Grant GNS1204 provided opportunities for early discussions of this work between S.E. and D.S. We thank Laura Wallace, Shuoshuo Han, Harm van Avendonk, Nathan Bangs, Donna Shillington, Kelin Wang, Earl Davis, Xiang Gao, Donald Fisher, Shuichi Kodaira, Dan Bassett, Harold Tobin, Rachel Lauer, and Patrick Fulton for helpful discussions. Data used in Figures 3, 4, and 10 are available in Bray and Karig (1985), Neuzil (1994), Moore et al. (1995), Foucher et al. (1997), Becker et al. (1997), Screaton et al. (2002), Saffer (2003), Tsuji et al. (2006), Tobin and Saffer (2009), Expedition 322 Scientists (2010), Expedition 333 Scientists (2012), Hüpers and Kopf (2012), Kitajima and Saffer (2012, 2014), and Li et al. (2018).
Funding Information:
We thank three anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor Brandon Dugan for their in‐depth review and constructive suggestions on this paper. This work was funded by NSF EAR Award 1616664 to D.S. and an IODP Exp 380 post‐cruise award to T.S., provided by USSSP. S.E. was supported by MBIE Endeavour fund “Hikurangi subduction earthquakes and slip behavior” and by core science funding to GNS Science. Marsden Grant GNS1204 provided opportunities for early discussions of this work between S.E. and D.S. We thank Laura Wallace, Shuoshuo Han, Harm van Avendonk, Nathan Bangs, Donna Shillington, Kelin Wang, Earl Davis, Xiang Gao, Donald Fisher, Shuichi Kodaira, Dan Bassett, Harold Tobin, Rachel Lauer, and Patrick Fulton for helpful discussions. Data used in Figures 3 , 4 , and 10 are available in Bray and Karig ( 1985 ), Neuzil ( 1994 ), Moore et al. ( 1995 ), Foucher et al. ( 1997 ), Becker et al. ( 1997 ), Screaton et al. ( 2002 ), Saffer ( 2003 ), Tsuji et al. ( 2006 ), Tobin and Saffer ( 2009 ), Expedition 322 Scientists ( 2010 ), Expedition 333 Scientists ( 2012 ), Hüpers and Kopf ( 2012 ), Kitajima and Saffer ( 2012 , 2014 ), and Li et al. ( 2018 ).
Publisher Copyright:
©2020 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources
PY - 2020/3/1
Y1 - 2020/3/1
N2 - Deformation and fluid flow in subduction zone forearcs are dynamically coupled, but our quantitative understanding of their coupling is incomplete. In this work, we investigate the hydrological and mechanical coupling in shallow forearcs, using a Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element model that incorporates constitutive and transport properties of sediments and faults constrained by laboratory and field measurements. Wide-ranging observations show that sediment thickness and composition, plate convergence rate, basement strength and roughness, and subducting slab dip angle vary between subduction zones. We therefore systematically study their effects on forearc stress and pore fluid pressure states, consolidation and dewatering patterns, and margin morphology. Our models, with the incorporation of a simple description of permeability enhancement along fault damage zones, yield a range of fault permeability (10−13–10−17 m2) consistent with previous estimates and describe the important role of upper plate splay faults in causing heterogeneous dewatering and consolidation patterns and in modulating effective normal stress on the plate interface. Spatial variations in tectonic loading and sediment consolidation can also be caused by subducting basement roughness such as a horst-and-graben structure. For typically observed relief and spacing, our models predict locally enhanced porosity reduction by up to 50% at the downdip edge of the horsts and anomalously high sediment porosity above the geometrical highs. At the margin scale, our results demonstrate that sediment permeability and thickness are dominant controls on fluid overpressure, sediment compaction, and megathrust strength. Rough and frictionally strong megathrusts produce similar effects in driving high wedge tapers.
AB - Deformation and fluid flow in subduction zone forearcs are dynamically coupled, but our quantitative understanding of their coupling is incomplete. In this work, we investigate the hydrological and mechanical coupling in shallow forearcs, using a Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element model that incorporates constitutive and transport properties of sediments and faults constrained by laboratory and field measurements. Wide-ranging observations show that sediment thickness and composition, plate convergence rate, basement strength and roughness, and subducting slab dip angle vary between subduction zones. We therefore systematically study their effects on forearc stress and pore fluid pressure states, consolidation and dewatering patterns, and margin morphology. Our models, with the incorporation of a simple description of permeability enhancement along fault damage zones, yield a range of fault permeability (10−13–10−17 m2) consistent with previous estimates and describe the important role of upper plate splay faults in causing heterogeneous dewatering and consolidation patterns and in modulating effective normal stress on the plate interface. Spatial variations in tectonic loading and sediment consolidation can also be caused by subducting basement roughness such as a horst-and-graben structure. For typically observed relief and spacing, our models predict locally enhanced porosity reduction by up to 50% at the downdip edge of the horsts and anomalously high sediment porosity above the geometrical highs. At the margin scale, our results demonstrate that sediment permeability and thickness are dominant controls on fluid overpressure, sediment compaction, and megathrust strength. Rough and frictionally strong megathrusts produce similar effects in driving high wedge tapers.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85082333308&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85082333308&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1029/2019JB019101
DO - 10.1029/2019JB019101
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85082333308
SN - 2169-9313
VL - 125
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
IS - 3
M1 - e2019JB019101
ER -