Cross-organ metabolite production and consumption in healthy and atherogenic conditions

Mammalian organs continuously produce and consume circulating metabolites for organismal health and survival. However, the landscape of this fundamental process and its perturbation by diet and disease is unknown. Using arteriovenous metabolomics, tissue transcriptomics, and hormone arrays in multiple pathophysiological conditions in pigs, we generated an atlas of 10 cross-organ metabolite production and consumption during fasting/feeding, Western diet, and cardiovascular disease progression induced by low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) deficiency. We discovered numerous instances of feeding-dependent and -independent metabolite production and consumption by organs and proposed mechanisms by which these are disrupted by Western diet via altered metabolite concentration gradients and hormones. Both Western diet and LDLR deficiency trigger the release of bile acids (BAs) by extra-hepatic organs, likely contributing to abnormally elevated circulating BA levels and consequent vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis development. These resources reveal intricate inter-organ metabolic crosstalk across pathophysiological conditions, offering biochemical insights into diet effects and cardiometabolic diseases.