Cryotherapy for Management of Prostate Cancer

Alireza Aminsharifi, Thomas J. Polascik

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingChapter

Abstract

The aim of focal therapy for prostate cancer is targeted treatment of the clinically significant cancer foci to preserve the genitourinary function. In recent years, advances in training and safety measures have increased the clinical adoption of prostate cryotherapy as an organ conservation minimally invasive cancer surgery. This modality has been increasingly used in both primary and salvage settings, and for both whole and partial gland templates. In this chapter, the authors reviewed the literature comprehensively and covered different aspects of prostate cancer cryotherapy. The pathophysiology of cryotherapy and the rationale for the effectiveness of cryosurgery on cancer cells have been addressed. In another section, the authors focused on the details of proper case selection, surgical technique, outcomes, and complications. Notably, several technical challenges, tips and tricks, and oncological and functional outcomes in different scenarios have been discussed. Different follow-up protocols after surgery for detection of recurrence and management of recurrence after cryotherapy are presented. With evolving role of multiparametric MRI as a noninvasive modality for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer foci, the incorporation of modern imaging modalities in patient selection, for decision-making in ablative therapy as well as designing and surveillance of patients after treatment to detect post-ablation recurrence, has been extensively assessed. Finally, novel concepts and new areas of investigations in prostate cryotherapy, such as interaction with the tumor microenvironment, resistant tumor stem cells, mutations in tumor cell lines, and the use of adjuvant cryosensitizing agents, are reviewed.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Title of host publicationInterventional Urology, Second Edition
PublisherSpringer International Publishing
Pages227-240
Number of pages14
ISBN (Electronic)9783030735654
ISBN (Print)9783030735647
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 1 2021

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • General Medicine

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