TY - JOUR
T1 - Cs Fountain Clocks for Commercial Realizations-An Improved and Robust Design
AU - Hendricks, Richard J.
AU - Ozimek, Filip
AU - Szymaniec, Krzysztof
AU - Nagorny, Bartlomiej
AU - Dunst, Piotr
AU - Nawrocki, Jerzy
AU - Beattie, Scott
AU - Jian, Bin
AU - Gibble, Kurt
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received July 30, 2018; accepted October 2, 2018. Date of publication October 8, 2018; date of current version March 14, 2019. This work was supported in part by the U.K. Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy through the National Measurement System Program, in part by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Polish Atomic Clock—Cesium Fountain) under Grant IA/SP/0441/2015, and in part by the National Science Foundation. (Corresponding author: Richard J. Hendricks.) R. J. Hendricks and K. Szymaniec are with the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K. (email: rich.hendricks. . co.uk; krzysztof.szymaniec. . co.uk).
Publisher Copyright:
© 1986-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2019/3
Y1 - 2019/3
N2 - We report on the design, assembly, testing, and delivery of a series of new cesium fountain primary frequency standards built through commercial and scientific collaboration with international users. The new design, based on proven National Physical Laboratory solutions, improves reliability, simplicity of operation, and transportability. The complete system consists of a novel physics package, a specially developed optical package, and dedicated electronics for system control. We present results showing that despite their simplified and more compact design, the new fountains have state-of-the-art performance in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and robust long-term operation. With a sufficiently low-noise local oscillator, they are capable of reaching a short-term stability below 3 × 10 -14 (1 s) and have potential accuracy in the low 10 -16 range, similar to the best cesium fountains currently in operation. This cost-effective solution could be used to increase the availability of accurate frequency references and timescales and provide redundancy in critical locations.
AB - We report on the design, assembly, testing, and delivery of a series of new cesium fountain primary frequency standards built through commercial and scientific collaboration with international users. The new design, based on proven National Physical Laboratory solutions, improves reliability, simplicity of operation, and transportability. The complete system consists of a novel physics package, a specially developed optical package, and dedicated electronics for system control. We present results showing that despite their simplified and more compact design, the new fountains have state-of-the-art performance in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and robust long-term operation. With a sufficiently low-noise local oscillator, they are capable of reaching a short-term stability below 3 × 10 -14 (1 s) and have potential accuracy in the low 10 -16 range, similar to the best cesium fountains currently in operation. This cost-effective solution could be used to increase the availability of accurate frequency references and timescales and provide redundancy in critical locations.
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U2 - 10.1109/TUFFC.2018.2874550
DO - 10.1109/TUFFC.2018.2874550
M3 - Article
C2 - 30296222
AN - SCOPUS:85054546017
SN - 0885-3010
VL - 66
SP - 624
EP - 631
JO - IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control
JF - IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control
IS - 3
M1 - 8485663
ER -