Current trends in macromolecular synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles

Inorganic nanoparticles are a critical component in a broad range of applications spanning catalysis, sensing, optics, and electronics. The nucleation and growth mechanisms involved during their synthesis are known to be crucial for controlling their final performance. Macromolecules can display sequence definition, inherent chirality, metal ion targeting moieties, and can also form self-assemblies, affording them the ability to not only stabilize but also precisely control the synthesis and organization of nanoparticles for an intended application. Herein, we report the recent trends in inorganic nanoparticle synthesis mediated by peptides, peptoids, DNA, other biopolymers, and synthetic polymers. Important design parameters and future trends are also discussed. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.)