Decaffeinated green tea and voluntary exercise induce gene changes related to beige adipocyte formation in high fat-fed obese mice

We have previously reported that decaffeinated green tea extract (GTE) in combination with voluntary exercise (Ex) reduces metabolic syndrome in high fat-fed C57BL/6J mice. Here, we examined for the first time the effect of treatment with 77 mg/g GTE, Ex, or both (GTE + Ex) on genes related to the conversion of white adipose tissue (WAT) to brown fat-like adipose tissue (BLAT) in this model. GTE + Ex induced genes related to lipolysis (hormone sensitive lipase [3.0-fold] and patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 [2-fold]), mitochondrial β-oxidation (NADH dehydrogenase 5 [2.3-fold], cytochrome B [2.0-fold], and cytochrome C oxidase III [1.9-fold increase]), and adipose tissue browning (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α [1.8-fold], bone morphogenetic protein 4 [2.6-fold], and phosphatase and tensin homolog [2.6-fold]) in visceral WAT compared to HF-fed mice. These results suggest that GTE + Ex function in part by inducing the conversion of WAT to BLAT and provides novel mechanistic insight into this combination.