Decision support reliability under fuzzy ZE-numbers in urban climate change policy for transportation activities

Continuous emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere leads to inevitable climate change effects, such as severe and extreme natural disasters. Therefore, adopting mitigation strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has been recognized as the main strategy to address rapid climate change. The transportation sector has been a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in recent decades due to rapid urbanization and vehicular growth. Thus, there is a critical need for the appropriate adoption of transportation activities to mitigate complex and unknown climate change effects and reduce human and economic losses. To address decision uncertainty and ensure reliability, fuzzy Z-numbers are utilized in the proposed decision-making models. This chapter presents a comprehensive methodological approach that incorporates an extended numbers-based decision-making model to formulate efficient adaptation strategies for urban transportation activities under uncertainty.