Deep P-C Interface Reconstruction for High-Performance Potassium Storage

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) capable of achieving full charge in minutes, or even in seconds, while maintaining high energy densities, are highly desirable for practical applications. However, significant challenges exist in developing electrodes that can sustain both high capacity and rapid charging rates. Conventional phosphorus-carbon composites, limited by the intrinsic common carbon materials structure, often fail to prevent the edges reconstruction of black phosphorus (BP), thereby limiting its potential advantages as a high-capacity, high-rate anode. This study addresses these challenges by grafting BP onto a super-porous carbon (SPC) framework to serve as an anode for potassium storage. The large number of open pores in SPC ensures the uniform distribution of BP nanoparticles in this carbon matrix, realizing the complete potassiation reactions and uniform volumetric strain dispersion. The abundant defects significantly promote the phosphorus-carbon reconstruction between edge carbon atoms and edge phosphorus atoms, effectively inhibiting the P-P edge reconstruction of BP to ensure open edges for rapid K⁺ diffusion. As a result, the composite exhibits excellent performance in potassium storage, demonstrating superior capacity, charging rates, and cycling durability. This research provides a new insight into enhancing BP-base anodes, offering favorable guidance for the development of high-performance materials.