Design of a 12x12 Element Smart Radar Antenna at 9.3 GHz for Beam Forming Applications

This study focuses on designing a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna for smart radar applications in the 9.3 GHz frequency band. The antenna attains an extended range by polarizing radiation in a particular direction. The design incorporates MIMO antennas with 4x4, 8x8, and 12x12 elements, utilizing RT Duroid 3010 as the substrate material with a thickness of 1.28 mm. Simulation results indicate that the antenna operates at a frequency of 9.3 GHz. The 4x4 MIMO element demonstrates a return loss of -27.071 dB and a bandwidth of 27.8 MHz, producing a directional radiation pattern with a gain of 6.35 dB. The 8x8 MIMO element achieves a return loss of -15.162 dB and a bandwidth of 14.9 MHz, resulting in a directional radiation pattern with a gain of 9.65 dB. The 12x12 element exhibits a return loss of -12.566 dB and a bandwidth of 12.7 MHz, also generating a directional pattern with a gain of 18.2 dB. Overall, the developed antenna shows a narrower bandwidth compared to other studies, enhancing its efficiency in signal transmission and reception while maintaining stable gain across frequencies for consistent performance.