Design of X-band bicontrollable metasurface absorber comprising graphene pixels on copper-backed YIG substrate

The plane wave response of a bicontrollable metasurface absorber with graphene-patched pixels was simulated in the X band using commercial software. Each square meta-atom is a 4 × 4 array of 16 pixels, some patched with graphene and the others unpatched. The pixels are arranged on a PVC skin which is placed on a copper-backed YIG substrate. Graphene provides electrostatic controllability and YIG provides magnetostatic controllability. Our design delivers absorptance ≥0.9 over a 100-MHz spectral regime in the X band, with 360 MHz kA⁻¹ m magnetostatic controllability rate and 1 MHz V⁻¹ μm electrostatic controllability rate. Notably, electrostatic control via graphene in the GHz range is novel.