TY - JOUR
T1 - Determination of nonylphenol ethoxylate and octylphenol ethoxylate surfactants in beehive samples by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry
AU - Chen, Jing
AU - Mullin, Christopher A.
N1 - Funding Information:
We are grateful to Maryann T. Frazier, Stephanie E. Mellott, and Sara A. Ashcraft for providing the beehive samples used here and to the USDA-NIFA-AFRI Foundational Award 2011-67013-30137 Program for funding this work.
PY - 2014/9/1
Y1 - 2014/9/1
N2 - Nonylphenol and octylphenol ethoxylates (NP(EO)n and OP(EO) n) are major toxicants in agrochemicals used around beehives. Here we developed a LC-MS method for analysis of NP(EO)3-13 and OP(EO) 3-13 oligomers in bee hive matrices. Less than 2 g of honey, pollen or wax were extracted using the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) approach. Recoveries for each oligomer in all matrices are between 75% and 111% at three spiked concentrations. The method proved to be rapid, precise and sensitive. Five honey, 10 pollen and 12 wax samples were collected and analysed. NP(EO)n was detected in every sample with concentrations ranging from 26 ppb to 10,239 ppb. Much higher NP(EO)n residues levels were found in wax followed by pollen than in honey. OP(EO)n concentrations on average were more than 10 times lower in pollen and wax. This method demonstrates a probable wide occurrence of alkylphenol ethoxylates in USA beehives.
AB - Nonylphenol and octylphenol ethoxylates (NP(EO)n and OP(EO) n) are major toxicants in agrochemicals used around beehives. Here we developed a LC-MS method for analysis of NP(EO)3-13 and OP(EO) 3-13 oligomers in bee hive matrices. Less than 2 g of honey, pollen or wax were extracted using the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) approach. Recoveries for each oligomer in all matrices are between 75% and 111% at three spiked concentrations. The method proved to be rapid, precise and sensitive. Five honey, 10 pollen and 12 wax samples were collected and analysed. NP(EO)n was detected in every sample with concentrations ranging from 26 ppb to 10,239 ppb. Much higher NP(EO)n residues levels were found in wax followed by pollen than in honey. OP(EO)n concentrations on average were more than 10 times lower in pollen and wax. This method demonstrates a probable wide occurrence of alkylphenol ethoxylates in USA beehives.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.004
DO - 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.004
M3 - Article
C2 - 24731372
AN - SCOPUS:84897017184
SN - 0308-8146
VL - 158
SP - 473
EP - 479
JO - Food Chemistry
JF - Food Chemistry
ER -