TY - JOUR
T1 - Development and Validation of Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Detecting Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Cattle, Swine, and Chicken
AU - Gontu, Abhinay
AU - Marlin, Erika A.
AU - Ramasamy, Santhamani
AU - Neerukonda, Sabarinath
AU - Anil, Gayatri
AU - Morgan, Jasmine
AU - Quraishi, Meysoon
AU - Chen, Chen
AU - Boorla, Veda Sheersh
AU - Nissly, Ruth H.
AU - Jakka, Padmaja
AU - Chothe, Shubhada K.
AU - Ravichandran, Abirami
AU - Kodali, Nishitha
AU - Amirthalingam, Saranya
AU - Labella, Lindsey
AU - Kelly, Kathleen
AU - Natesan, Pazhanivel
AU - Minns, Allen M.
AU - Rossi, Randall M.
AU - Werner, Jacob R.
AU - Hovingh, Ernest
AU - Lindner, Scott E.
AU - Tewari, Deepanker
AU - Kapur, Vivek
AU - Vandegrift, Kurt J.
AU - Maranas, Costas D.
AU - Nair, Meera Surendran
AU - Kuchipudi, Suresh V.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/7
Y1 - 2022/7
N2 - Multiple domestic and wild animal species are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cattle and swine are susceptible to experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection. The unchecked transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in animal hosts could lead to virus adaptation and the emergence of novel variants. In addition, the spillover and subsequent adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 in livestock could significantly impact food security as well as animal and public health. Therefore, it is essential to monitor livestock species for SARS-CoV-2 spillover. We developed and optimized species-specific indirect ELISAs (iELISAs) to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cattle, swine, and chickens using the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigen. Serum samples collected prior to the COVID-19 pandemic were used to determine the cut-off threshold. RBD hyperimmunized sera from cattle (n = 3), swine (n = 6), and chicken (n = 3) were used as the positive controls. The iELISAs were evaluated compared to a live virus neutralization test using cattle (n = 150), swine (n = 150), and chicken (n = 150) serum samples collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. The iELISAs for cattle, swine, and chicken were found to have 100% sensitivity and specificity. These tools facilitate the surveillance that is necessary to quickly identify spillovers into the three most important agricultural species worldwide.
AB - Multiple domestic and wild animal species are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cattle and swine are susceptible to experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection. The unchecked transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in animal hosts could lead to virus adaptation and the emergence of novel variants. In addition, the spillover and subsequent adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 in livestock could significantly impact food security as well as animal and public health. Therefore, it is essential to monitor livestock species for SARS-CoV-2 spillover. We developed and optimized species-specific indirect ELISAs (iELISAs) to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cattle, swine, and chickens using the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigen. Serum samples collected prior to the COVID-19 pandemic were used to determine the cut-off threshold. RBD hyperimmunized sera from cattle (n = 3), swine (n = 6), and chicken (n = 3) were used as the positive controls. The iELISAs were evaluated compared to a live virus neutralization test using cattle (n = 150), swine (n = 150), and chicken (n = 150) serum samples collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. The iELISAs for cattle, swine, and chicken were found to have 100% sensitivity and specificity. These tools facilitate the surveillance that is necessary to quickly identify spillovers into the three most important agricultural species worldwide.
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U2 - 10.3390/v14071358
DO - 10.3390/v14071358
M3 - Article
C2 - 35891340
AN - SCOPUS:85133234622
SN - 1999-4915
VL - 14
JO - Viruses
JF - Viruses
IS - 7
M1 - 1358
ER -