@article{2bb9ae5a6c234cefa1b5d8ce3bb8166d,
title = "Development of optically controlled {"}living electrodes{"} with long-projecting axon tracts for a synaptic brain-machine interface",
abstract = "For implantable neural interfaces, functional/clinical outcomes are challenged by limitations in specificity and stability of inorganic microelectrodes. A biological intermediary between microelectrical devices and the brain may improve specificity and longevity through (i) natural synaptic integration with deep neural circuitry, (ii) accessibility on the brain surface, and (iii) optogenetic manipulation for targeted, light-based readout/control. Accordingly, we have developed implantable {"}living electrodes, {"} living cortical neurons, and axonal tracts protected within soft hydrogel cylinders, for optobiological monitoring/modulation of brain activity. Here, we demonstrate fabrication, rapid axonal outgrowth, reproducible cytoarchitecture, and simultaneous optical stimulation and recording of these tissue engineered constructs in vitro. We also present their transplantation, survival, integration, and optical recording in rat cortex as an in vivo proof of concept for this neural interface paradigm. The creation and characterization of these functional, optically controllable living electrodes are critical steps in developing a new class of optobiological tools for neural interfacing.",
author = "Adewole, {Dayo O.} and Struzyna, {Laura A.} and Burrell, {Justin C.} and Harris, {James P.} and Nemes, {Ashley D.} and Dmitriy Petrov and Kraft, {Reuben H.} and Chen, {H. Isaac} and Serruya, {Mijail D.} and Wolf, {John A.} and Cullen, {D. Kacy}",
note = "Funding Information: Financial support was primarily provided by the NIH [BRAIN Initiative U01- NS094340 (D.K.C.), T32-NS043126 (J.P.H.), and T32-NS091006 (L.A.S.)] and the NSF [Graduate Research Fellowship DGE-1321851 (D.O.A.)], with additional support from the Penn Medicine Neuroscience Center (D.K.C.), American Association of Neurological Surgeons and Congress of Neurological Surgeons [Codman Fellowship in Neurotrauma and Critical Care (D.P.)], and the Department of Veterans Affairs [Merit Review I01-BX003748 (D.K.C.), Merit Review I01-RX001097 (D.K.C.), Career Development Award #IK2-RX001479 (J.A.W.), and Career Development Award #IK2-RX002013 (H.I.C.)]. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NIH, NSF, or Department of Veterans Affairs. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.",
year = "2021",
month = jan,
day = "22",
doi = "10.1126/sciadv.aay5347",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "7",
journal = "Science Advances",
issn = "2375-2548",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
number = "4",
}