Dietary Energy Density and Its Contribution to Weight Control

Diet is a primary component of lifestyle interventions for the treatment of obesity; however, there is continual debate over the most effective dietary approach for weight loss. Studies consistently demonstrate that energy density (kcal/gram) is a primary determinant of energy intake and body weight. There is flexibility in how dietary energy density can be reduced, including strategies such as a reduction in unhealthy fats or an increase in water-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables. Consequently, individuals can apply the principles of energy density to a range of dietary approaches for weight control so that they can moderate energy intake while tailoring food choices to individual needs and preferences. Reducing the energy density of the diet also allows for the consumption of satisfying amounts of food when managing calories, thereby helping to control hunger. Data show that lowering dietary energy density is consistent with recommendations for a healthy diet and predicts the magnitude of weight loss in clinical and commercial programs, even when it is not the target of the intervention. This chapter summarizes evidence indicating that energy density plays a key role in weight control and is an explanatory factor for success in multiple dietary approaches for weight loss and maintenance.