Discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission toward supernova remnant SNR G78.2+2.1

E. Aliu; S. Archambault; T. Arlen; T. Aune; M. Beilicke; W. Benbow; R. Bird; A. Bouvier; S. M. Bradbury; J. H. Buckley; V. Bugaev; K. Byrum; A. Cannon; A. Cesarini; L. Ciupik; E. Collins-Hughes; M. P. Connolly; W. Cui; R. Dickherber; C. Duke; J. Dumm; V. V. Dwarkadas; M. Errando; A. Falcone; S. Federici; Q. Feng; J. P. Finley; G. Finnegan; L. Fortson; A. Furniss; N. Galante; D. Gall; G. H. Gillanders; S. Godambe; E. V. Gotthelf; S. Griffin; J. Grube; G. Gyuk; D. Hanna; J. Holder; H. Huan; G. Hughes; T. B. Humensky; P. Kaaret; N. Karlsson; M. Kertzman; Y. Khassen; D. Kieda; H. Krawczynski; F. Krennrich; M. J. Lang; K. Lee; A. S. Madhavan; G. Maier; P. Majumdar; S. McArthur; A. McCann; J. Millis; P. Moriarty; R. Mukherjee; T. Nelson; A. O'Faoláin De Bhróithe; R. A. Ong; M. Orr; A. N. Otte; D. Pandel; N. Park; J. S. Perkins; M. Pohl; A. Popkow; H. Prokoph; J. Quinn; K. Ragan; L. C. Reyes; P. T. Reynolds; E. Roache; H. J. Rose; J. Ruppel; D. B. Saxon; M. Schroedter; G. H. Sembroski; G. D. Şentürk; C. Skole; I. Telezhinsky; G. Tešić; M. Theiling; S. Thibadeau; K. Tsurusaki; J. Tyler; A. Varlotta; V. V. Vassiliev; S. Vincent; S. P. Wakely; J. E. Ward; T. C. Weekes; A. Weinstein; T. Weisgarber; R. Welsing; D. A. Williams; B. Zitzer

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/93

Discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission toward supernova remnant SNR G78.2+2.1

E. Aliu, S. Archambault, T. Arlen, T. Aune, M. Beilicke, W. Benbow, R. Bird, A. Bouvier, S. M. Bradbury, J. H. Buckley, V. Bugaev, K. Byrum, A. Cannon, A. Cesarini, L. Ciupik, E. Collins-Hughes, M. P. Connolly, W. Cui, R. Dickherber, C. DukeJ. Dumm, V. V. Dwarkadas, M. Errando, A. Falcone, S. Federici, Q. Feng, J. P. Finley, G. Finnegan, L. Fortson, A. Furniss, N. Galante, D. Gall, G. H. Gillanders, S. Godambe, E. V. Gotthelf, S. Griffin, J. Grube, G. Gyuk, D. Hanna, J. Holder, H. Huan, G. Hughes, T. B. Humensky, P. Kaaret, N. Karlsson, M. Kertzman, Y. Khassen, D. Kieda, H. Krawczynski, F. Krennrich, M. J. Lang, K. Lee, A. S. Madhavan, G. Maier, P. Majumdar, S. McArthur, A. McCann, J. Millis, P. Moriarty, R. Mukherjee, T. Nelson, A. O'Faoláin De Bhróithe, R. A. Ong, M. Orr, A. N. Otte, D. Pandel, N. Park, J. S. Perkins, M. Pohl, A. Popkow, H. Prokoph, J. Quinn, K. Ragan, L. C. Reyes, P. T. Reynolds, E. Roache, H. J. Rose, J. Ruppel, D. B. Saxon, M. Schroedter, G. H. Sembroski, G. D. Şentürk, C. Skole, I. Telezhinsky, G. Tešić, M. Theiling, S. Thibadeau, K. Tsurusaki, J. Tyler, A. Varlotta, V. V. Vassiliev, S. Vincent, S. P. Wakely, J. E. Ward, T. C. Weekes, A. Weinstein, T. Weisgarber, R. Welsing, D. A. Williams, B. Zitzer

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Abstract

We report the discovery of an unidentified, extended source of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission, VER J2019+407, within the radio shell of the supernova remnant SNR G78.2+2.1, using 21.4 hr of data taken by the VERITAS gamma-ray observatory in 2009. These data confirm the preliminary indications of gamma-ray emission previously seen in a two-year (2007-2009) blind survey of the Cygnus region by VERITAS. VER J2019+407, which is detected at a post-trials significance of 7.5 standard deviations in the 2009 data, is localized to the northwestern rim of the remnant in a region of enhanced radio and X-ray emission. It has an intrinsic extent of 0°.23±0°.03 _stat^+0°.04_-0°.02sys and its spectrum is well-characterized by a differential power law (dN/dE = N₀ × (E/TeV)^-Γ) with a photon index of Γ = 2.37±0.14_stat ±0.20_sys and a flux normalization of N₀ = 1.5±0.2_stat±0.4 _sys×10^-12 photon TeV^-1cm ^-2s^-1. This yields an integral flux of 5.2±0.8 _stat±1.4_sys×10^-12 photon cm ^-2 s^-1 above 320 GeV, corresponding to 3.7% of the Crab Nebula flux. We consider the relationship of the TeV gamma-ray emission with the GeV gamma-ray emission seen from SNR G78.2+2.1 as well as that seen from a nearby cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays. Multiple scenarios are considered as possible origins for the TeV gamma-ray emission, including hadronic particle acceleration at the SNR shock.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	93
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	770
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/93
State	Published - Jun 20 2013

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/93

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Aliu, E., Archambault, S., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Bouvier, A., Bradbury, S. M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Byrum, K., Cannon, A., Cesarini, A., Ciupik, L., Collins-Hughes, E., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dickherber, R., ... Zitzer, B. (2013). Discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission toward supernova remnant SNR G78.2+2.1. Astrophysical Journal, 770(2), Article 93. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/93

@article{58303580a827418abea9b55efc0053da,

title = "Discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission toward supernova remnant SNR G78.2+2.1",

abstract = "We report the discovery of an unidentified, extended source of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission, VER J2019+407, within the radio shell of the supernova remnant SNR G78.2+2.1, using 21.4 hr of data taken by the VERITAS gamma-ray observatory in 2009. These data confirm the preliminary indications of gamma-ray emission previously seen in a two-year (2007-2009) blind survey of the Cygnus region by VERITAS. VER J2019+407, which is detected at a post-trials significance of 7.5 standard deviations in the 2009 data, is localized to the northwestern rim of the remnant in a region of enhanced radio and X-ray emission. It has an intrinsic extent of 0°.23±0°.03 stat+0°.04-0°.02sys and its spectrum is well-characterized by a differential power law (dN/dE = N0 × (E/TeV)-Γ) with a photon index of Γ = 2.37±0.14stat ±0.20sys and a flux normalization of N0 = 1.5±0.2stat±0.4 sys×10-12 photon TeV-1cm -2s-1. This yields an integral flux of 5.2±0.8 stat±1.4sys×10-12 photon cm -2 s-1 above 320 GeV, corresponding to 3.7% of the Crab Nebula flux. We consider the relationship of the TeV gamma-ray emission with the GeV gamma-ray emission seen from SNR G78.2+2.1 as well as that seen from a nearby cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays. Multiple scenarios are considered as possible origins for the TeV gamma-ray emission, including hadronic particle acceleration at the SNR shock.",

author = "E. Aliu and S. Archambault and T. Arlen and T. Aune and M. Beilicke and W. Benbow and R. Bird and A. Bouvier and Bradbury, {S. M.} and Buckley, {J. H.} and V. Bugaev and K. Byrum and A. Cannon and A. Cesarini and L. Ciupik and E. Collins-Hughes and Connolly, {M. P.} and W. Cui and R. Dickherber and C. Duke and J. Dumm and Dwarkadas, {V. V.} and M. Errando and A. Falcone and S. Federici and Q. Feng and Finley, {J. P.} and G. Finnegan and L. Fortson and A. Furniss and N. Galante and D. Gall and Gillanders, {G. H.} and S. Godambe and Gotthelf, {E. V.} and S. Griffin and J. Grube and G. Gyuk and D. Hanna and J. Holder and H. Huan and G. Hughes and Humensky, {T. B.} and P. Kaaret and N. Karlsson and M. Kertzman and Y. Khassen and D. Kieda and H. Krawczynski and F. Krennrich and Lang, {M. J.} and K. Lee and Madhavan, {A. S.} and G. Maier and P. Majumdar and S. McArthur and A. McCann and J. Millis and P. Moriarty and R. Mukherjee and T. Nelson and {O'Faol{\'a}in De Bhr{\'o}ithe}, A. and Ong, {R. A.} and M. Orr and Otte, {A. N.} and D. Pandel and N. Park and Perkins, {J. S.} and M. Pohl and A. Popkow and H. Prokoph and J. Quinn and K. Ragan and Reyes, {L. C.} and Reynolds, {P. T.} and E. Roache and Rose, {H. J.} and J. Ruppel and Saxon, {D. B.} and M. Schroedter and Sembroski, {G. H.} and {\c S}ent{\"u}rk, {G. D.} and C. Skole and I. Telezhinsky and G. Te{\v s}i{\'c} and M. Theiling and S. Thibadeau and K. Tsurusaki and J. Tyler and A. Varlotta and Vassiliev, {V. V.} and S. Vincent and Wakely, {S. P.} and Ward, {J. E.} and Weekes, {T. C.} and A. Weinstein and T. Weisgarber and R. Welsing and Williams, {D. A.} and B. Zitzer",

year = "2013",

month = jun,

day = "20",

doi = "10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/93",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "770",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "2",

}

Aliu, E, Archambault, S, Arlen, T, Aune, T, Beilicke, M, Benbow, W, Bird, R, Bouvier, A, Bradbury, SM, Buckley, JH, Bugaev, V, Byrum, K, Cannon, A, Cesarini, A, Ciupik, L, Collins-Hughes, E, Connolly, MP, Cui, W, Dickherber, R, Duke, C, Dumm, J, Dwarkadas, VV, Errando, M, Falcone, A, Federici, S, Feng, Q, Finley, JP, Finnegan, G, Fortson, L, Furniss, A, Galante, N, Gall, D, Gillanders, GH, Godambe, S, Gotthelf, EV, Griffin, S, Grube, J, Gyuk, G, Hanna, D, Holder, J, Huan, H, Hughes, G, Humensky, TB, Kaaret, P, Karlsson, N, Kertzman, M, Khassen, Y, Kieda, D, Krawczynski, H, Krennrich, F, Lang, MJ, Lee, K, Madhavan, AS, Maier, G, Majumdar, P, McArthur, S, McCann, A, Millis, J, Moriarty, P, Mukherjee, R, Nelson, T, O'Faoláin De Bhróithe, A, Ong, RA, Orr, M, Otte, AN, Pandel, D, Park, N, Perkins, JS, Pohl, M, Popkow, A, Prokoph, H, Quinn, J, Ragan, K, Reyes, LC, Reynolds, PT, Roache, E, Rose, HJ, Ruppel, J, Saxon, DB, Schroedter, M, Sembroski, GH, Şentürk, GD, Skole, C, Telezhinsky, I, Tešić, G, Theiling, M, Thibadeau, S, Tsurusaki, K, Tyler, J, Varlotta, A, Vassiliev, VV, Vincent, S, Wakely, SP, Ward, JE, Weekes, TC, Weinstein, A, Weisgarber, T, Welsing, R, Williams, DA & Zitzer, B 2013, 'Discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission toward supernova remnant SNR G78.2+2.1', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 770, no. 2, 93. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/93

TY - JOUR

T1 - Discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission toward supernova remnant SNR G78.2+2.1

AU - Aliu, E.

AU - Archambault, S.

AU - Arlen, T.

AU - Aune, T.

AU - Beilicke, M.

AU - Benbow, W.

AU - Bird, R.

AU - Bouvier, A.

AU - Bradbury, S. M.

AU - Buckley, J. H.

AU - Bugaev, V.

AU - Byrum, K.

AU - Cannon, A.

AU - Cesarini, A.

AU - Ciupik, L.

AU - Collins-Hughes, E.

AU - Connolly, M. P.

AU - Cui, W.

AU - Dickherber, R.

AU - Duke, C.

AU - Dumm, J.

AU - Dwarkadas, V. V.

AU - Errando, M.

AU - Falcone, A.

AU - Federici, S.

AU - Feng, Q.

AU - Finley, J. P.

AU - Finnegan, G.

AU - Fortson, L.

AU - Furniss, A.

AU - Galante, N.

AU - Gall, D.

AU - Gillanders, G. H.

AU - Godambe, S.

AU - Gotthelf, E. V.

AU - Griffin, S.

AU - Grube, J.

AU - Gyuk, G.

AU - Hanna, D.

AU - Holder, J.

AU - Huan, H.

AU - Hughes, G.

AU - Humensky, T. B.

AU - Kaaret, P.

AU - Karlsson, N.

AU - Kertzman, M.

AU - Khassen, Y.

AU - Kieda, D.

AU - Krawczynski, H.

AU - Krennrich, F.

AU - Lang, M. J.

AU - Lee, K.

AU - Madhavan, A. S.

AU - Maier, G.

AU - Majumdar, P.

AU - McArthur, S.

AU - McCann, A.

AU - Millis, J.

AU - Moriarty, P.

AU - Mukherjee, R.

AU - Nelson, T.

AU - O'Faoláin De Bhróithe, A.

AU - Ong, R. A.

AU - Orr, M.

AU - Otte, A. N.

AU - Pandel, D.

AU - Park, N.

AU - Perkins, J. S.

AU - Pohl, M.

AU - Popkow, A.

AU - Prokoph, H.

AU - Quinn, J.

AU - Ragan, K.

AU - Reyes, L. C.

AU - Reynolds, P. T.

AU - Roache, E.

AU - Rose, H. J.

AU - Ruppel, J.

AU - Saxon, D. B.

AU - Schroedter, M.

AU - Sembroski, G. H.

AU - Şentürk, G. D.

AU - Skole, C.

AU - Telezhinsky, I.

AU - Tešić, G.

AU - Theiling, M.

AU - Thibadeau, S.

AU - Tsurusaki, K.

AU - Tyler, J.

AU - Varlotta, A.

AU - Vassiliev, V. V.

AU - Vincent, S.

AU - Wakely, S. P.

AU - Ward, J. E.

AU - Weekes, T. C.

AU - Weinstein, A.

AU - Weisgarber, T.

AU - Welsing, R.

AU - Williams, D. A.

AU - Zitzer, B.

PY - 2013/6/20

Y1 - 2013/6/20

N2 - We report the discovery of an unidentified, extended source of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission, VER J2019+407, within the radio shell of the supernova remnant SNR G78.2+2.1, using 21.4 hr of data taken by the VERITAS gamma-ray observatory in 2009. These data confirm the preliminary indications of gamma-ray emission previously seen in a two-year (2007-2009) blind survey of the Cygnus region by VERITAS. VER J2019+407, which is detected at a post-trials significance of 7.5 standard deviations in the 2009 data, is localized to the northwestern rim of the remnant in a region of enhanced radio and X-ray emission. It has an intrinsic extent of 0°.23±0°.03 stat+0°.04-0°.02sys and its spectrum is well-characterized by a differential power law (dN/dE = N0 × (E/TeV)-Γ) with a photon index of Γ = 2.37±0.14stat ±0.20sys and a flux normalization of N0 = 1.5±0.2stat±0.4 sys×10-12 photon TeV-1cm -2s-1. This yields an integral flux of 5.2±0.8 stat±1.4sys×10-12 photon cm -2 s-1 above 320 GeV, corresponding to 3.7% of the Crab Nebula flux. We consider the relationship of the TeV gamma-ray emission with the GeV gamma-ray emission seen from SNR G78.2+2.1 as well as that seen from a nearby cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays. Multiple scenarios are considered as possible origins for the TeV gamma-ray emission, including hadronic particle acceleration at the SNR shock.

AB - We report the discovery of an unidentified, extended source of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission, VER J2019+407, within the radio shell of the supernova remnant SNR G78.2+2.1, using 21.4 hr of data taken by the VERITAS gamma-ray observatory in 2009. These data confirm the preliminary indications of gamma-ray emission previously seen in a two-year (2007-2009) blind survey of the Cygnus region by VERITAS. VER J2019+407, which is detected at a post-trials significance of 7.5 standard deviations in the 2009 data, is localized to the northwestern rim of the remnant in a region of enhanced radio and X-ray emission. It has an intrinsic extent of 0°.23±0°.03 stat+0°.04-0°.02sys and its spectrum is well-characterized by a differential power law (dN/dE = N0 × (E/TeV)-Γ) with a photon index of Γ = 2.37±0.14stat ±0.20sys and a flux normalization of N0 = 1.5±0.2stat±0.4 sys×10-12 photon TeV-1cm -2s-1. This yields an integral flux of 5.2±0.8 stat±1.4sys×10-12 photon cm -2 s-1 above 320 GeV, corresponding to 3.7% of the Crab Nebula flux. We consider the relationship of the TeV gamma-ray emission with the GeV gamma-ray emission seen from SNR G78.2+2.1 as well as that seen from a nearby cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays. Multiple scenarios are considered as possible origins for the TeV gamma-ray emission, including hadronic particle acceleration at the SNR shock.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84878775250&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84878775250&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/93

DO - 10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/93

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84878775250

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 770

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 2

M1 - 93

ER -

Discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission toward supernova remnant SNR G78.2+2.1

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