TY - JOUR
T1 - Disparities in Risks of Inadequate and Excessive Intake of Micronutrients during Pregnancy
AU - Sauder, Katherine A.
AU - Harte, Robyn N.
AU - Ringham, Brandy M.
AU - Guenther, Patricia M.
AU - Bailey, Regan L.
AU - Alshawabkeh, Akram
AU - Cordero, José F.
AU - Dunlop, Anne L.
AU - Ferranti, Erin P.
AU - Elliott, Amy J.
AU - Mitchell, Diane C.
AU - Hedderson, Monique M.
AU - Avalos, Lyndsay A.
AU - Zhu, Yeyi
AU - Breton, Carrie V.
AU - Chatzi, Leda
AU - Ran, Jin
AU - Hertz-Picciotto, Irva
AU - Karagas, Margaret R.
AU - Sayarath, Vicki
AU - Hoover, Joseph
AU - MacKenzie, Debra
AU - Lyall, Kristen
AU - Schmidt, Rebecca J.
AU - O'Connor, Thomas G.
AU - Barrett, Emily S.
AU - Switkowski, Karen M.
AU - Comstock, Sarah S.
AU - Kerver, Jean M.
AU - Trasande, Leonardo
AU - Tylavsky, Frances A.
AU - Wright, Rosalind J.
AU - Kannan, Srimathi
AU - Mueller, Noel T.
AU - Catellier, Diane J.
AU - Glueck, Deborah H.
AU - Dabelea, Dana
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/11/1
Y1 - 2021/11/1
N2 - Background: Inadequate or excessive intake of micronutrients in pregnancy has potential to negatively impact maternal/offspring health outcomes. Objective: The aim was to compare risks of inadequate or excessive micronutrient intake in diverse females with singleton pregnancies by strata of maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, and prepregnancy BMI. Methods: Fifteen observational cohorts in the US Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Consortium assessed participant dietary intake with 24-h dietary recalls (n = 1910) or food-frequency questionnaires (n = 7891) from 1999-2019. We compared the distributions of usual intake of 19 micronutrients from food alone (15 cohorts; n = 9801) and food plus dietary supplements (10 cohorts with supplement data; n = 7082) to estimate the proportion with usual daily intakes below their age-specific daily Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), above their Adequate Intake (AI), and above their Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), overall and within sociodemographic and anthropometric subgroups. Results: Risk of inadequate intake from food alone ranged from 0% to 87%, depending on the micronutrient and assessment methodology. When dietary supplements were included, some women were below the EAR for vitamin D (20-38%), vitamin E (17-22%), and magnesium (39-41%); some women were above the AI for vitamin K (63-75%), choline (7%), and potassium (37-53%); and some were above the UL for folic acid (32-51%), iron (39-40%), and zinc (19-20%). Highest risks for inadequate intakes were observed among participants with age 14-18 y (6 nutrients), non-White race or Hispanic ethnicity (10 nutrients), less than a high school education (9 nutrients), or obesity (9 nutrients). Conclusions: Improved diet quality is needed formost pregnant females. Even with dietary supplement use, 20% of participants were at risk of inadequate intake of 1 micronutrients, especially in some population subgroups. Pregnancy may be a window of opportunity to address disparities in micronutrient intake that could contribute to intergenerational health inequalities.
AB - Background: Inadequate or excessive intake of micronutrients in pregnancy has potential to negatively impact maternal/offspring health outcomes. Objective: The aim was to compare risks of inadequate or excessive micronutrient intake in diverse females with singleton pregnancies by strata of maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, and prepregnancy BMI. Methods: Fifteen observational cohorts in the US Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Consortium assessed participant dietary intake with 24-h dietary recalls (n = 1910) or food-frequency questionnaires (n = 7891) from 1999-2019. We compared the distributions of usual intake of 19 micronutrients from food alone (15 cohorts; n = 9801) and food plus dietary supplements (10 cohorts with supplement data; n = 7082) to estimate the proportion with usual daily intakes below their age-specific daily Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), above their Adequate Intake (AI), and above their Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), overall and within sociodemographic and anthropometric subgroups. Results: Risk of inadequate intake from food alone ranged from 0% to 87%, depending on the micronutrient and assessment methodology. When dietary supplements were included, some women were below the EAR for vitamin D (20-38%), vitamin E (17-22%), and magnesium (39-41%); some women were above the AI for vitamin K (63-75%), choline (7%), and potassium (37-53%); and some were above the UL for folic acid (32-51%), iron (39-40%), and zinc (19-20%). Highest risks for inadequate intakes were observed among participants with age 14-18 y (6 nutrients), non-White race or Hispanic ethnicity (10 nutrients), less than a high school education (9 nutrients), or obesity (9 nutrients). Conclusions: Improved diet quality is needed formost pregnant females. Even with dietary supplement use, 20% of participants were at risk of inadequate intake of 1 micronutrients, especially in some population subgroups. Pregnancy may be a window of opportunity to address disparities in micronutrient intake that could contribute to intergenerational health inequalities.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85119584586&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85119584586&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/jn/nxab273
DO - 10.1093/jn/nxab273
M3 - Article
C2 - 34494118
AN - SCOPUS:85119584586
SN - 0022-3166
VL - 151
SP - 3555
EP - 3569
JO - Journal of Nutrition
JF - Journal of Nutrition
IS - 11
ER -