DNA adduct of the mitomycin C metabolite 2,7-diaminomitosene is a nontoxic and nonmutagenic DNA lesion in vitro and in vivo

Christopher D. Utzat, Cristina C. Clement, Leilani A. Ramos, Arunangshu Das, Maria Tomasz, Ashis K. Basu

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    18 Scopus citations

    Abstract

    Mitomycin C (MC) is a cytotoxic and mutagenic antitumor agent that alkylates and crosslinks DNA. These effects are dependent on reductive bioactivation of MC. 2,7-Diaminomitosene (2,7-DAM) is the major metabolite of MC in tumor cells, generated by the reduction of MC. 2,7-DAM alkylates DNA in the cell in situ, forming an adduct at the N7 position of 2′-deoxyguanosine (2,7-DAM-dG-N7). To determine the biological effects of this adduct, we have synthesized an oligonucleotide containing a single 2,7-DAM-dG-N7 adduct and inserted it into an M13 bacteriophage genome. Replication of this construct in repair-competent Escherichia coli showed that the adduct was only weakly toxic and generated ∼50% progeny as compared to control. No mutant was isolated after analysis of more than 4000 progeny phages from SOS-induced or uninduced host cells; therefore, we estimate that the mutation frequency of 2,7-DAM-dG-N7 was less than 2 × 10-4 in E. coli. Subsequently, to determine if this adduct might be mutagenic in mammalian cells, it was incorporated into a single-stranded shuttle phagemid vector, pMS2, and replicated in simian kidney (COS-7) cells. Analysis of the progeny showed that mutational frequency of a site specific 2,7-DAM-dG-N7 was not higher than the spontaneous mutation frequency in simian kidney cells. In parallel experiments in cell free systems, template oligonucleotides containing a single 2,7-DAM-dG-N7 adduct directed selective incorporation of cytosine in the 5′-32P-labeled primer strands opposite the adducted guanine, catalyzed by Klenow (exo-) DNA polymerase. The adducted templates also supported full extension of primer strands by Klenow (exo-) and T7 (exo-) DNA polymerases and partial extension by DNA polymerase η. The innocuous behavior of the 2,7-DAM-dG-N7 monoadduct in vivo and in vitro is in sharp contrast to that of the toxic MC-dG-N2 monoadduct reported earlier.

    Original languageEnglish (US)
    Pages (from-to)213-223
    Number of pages11
    JournalChemical research in toxicology
    Volume18
    Issue number2
    DOIs
    StatePublished - Feb 2005

    All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

    • Toxicology

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