@article{8994d329a9bb49bda266841f6bdf7965,
title = "Do women CEOs face greater threat of shareholder activism compared to male CEOs? A role congruity perspective",
abstract = "We examine the glass cliffproposition that female CEOs receive more scrutiny than male CEOs, by investigating whether CEO gender is related to threats from activist investors in public firms. Activist investors are extraorganizational stakeholders who, when dissatisfied with some aspect of the way the firm is being managed, seek to change the strategy or operations of the firm. Although some have argued that women will be viewed more favorably than men in top leadership positions (so-called {"}female leadership{"} advantage logic), we build on role congruity theory to hypothesize that female CEOs are significantly more likely than male CEOs to come under threat from activist investors. Results support our predictions, suggesting that female CEOs may face additional challenges not faced by male CEOs. Practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.",
author = "Gupta, {Vishal K.} and Seonghee Han and Mortal, {Sandra C.} and Sabatino Silveri and Turban, {Daniel B.}",
note = "Funding Information: Dino acknowledges research support in the form of summer research grant from the Fogelman College of Business and Economics at University of Memphis. This research support does not imply endorsement of the research results by either the Fogelman College or the University of Memphis. Earlier versions of this paper were presented at University of Mississippi and University of Memphis research seminars and the Southwest Academy of Management Conference, where we benefited from helpful comments provided by the audience. Alka Gupta, Paul Johnson, and Tobi Popoola provided useful suggestions on previous drafts. We are grateful for the advice from John Antonakis, Mark Bing and Hyun-Soo Woo on some of the methods used here. Erik Markin and Lu Zuo provided editorial assistance during the preparation of this article. Of course, all omissions and errors remain our own. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 American Psychological Association.",
year = "2017",
month = oct,
day = "9",
doi = "10.1037/apl0000269",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "103",
pages = "228--236",
journal = "Journal of Applied Psychology",
issn = "0021-9010",
publisher = "American Psychological Association Inc.",
number = "2",
}