Early optical emission from the γ-ray burst of 4 October 2002

D. W. Fox; S. Yost; S. R. Kulkarni; K. Torii; T. Kato; H. Yamaoka; M. Sako; F. A. Harrison; R. Sari; P. A. Price; E. Berger; A. M. Soderberg; S. G. Djorgovski; A. J. Barth; S. H. Pravdo; D. A. Frail; A. Gal-Yam; Y. Lipkin; T. Mauch; C. Harrison; H. Buttery

doi:10.1038/nature01504

Early optical emission from the γ-ray burst of 4 October 2002

D. W. Fox, S. Yost, S. R. Kulkarni, K. Torii, T. Kato, H. Yamaoka, M. Sako, F. A. Harrison, R. Sari, P. A. Price, E. Berger, A. M. Soderberg, S. G. Djorgovski, A. J. Barth, S. H. Pravdo, D. A. Frail, A. Gal-Yam, Y. Lipkin, T. Mauch, C. HarrisonH. Buttery

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Abstract

Observations of the long-lived emission - or 'afterglow' - of long-duration γ-ray bursts place them at cosmological distances, but the origin of these energetic explosions remains a mystery. Observations of optical emission contemporaneous with the burst of γ-rays should provide insight into the details of the explosion, as well as into the structure of the surrounding environment. One bright optical flash was detected during a burst¹, but other efforts^2,3 have produced negative results. Here we report the discovery of the optical counterpart of GRB021004 only 193 seconds after the event. The initial decline is unexpectedly slow and requires varying energy content in the γ-ray burst blastwave over the course of the first hour. Further analysis of the X-ray and optical afterglow suggests additional energy variations over the first few days.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	284-286
Number of pages	3
Journal	Nature
Volume	422
Issue number	6929
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01504
State	Published - Mar 20 2003

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Fox, D. W., Yost, S., Kulkarni, S. R., Torii, K., Kato, T., Yamaoka, H., Sako, M., Harrison, F. A., Sari, R., Price, P. A., Berger, E., Soderberg, A. M., Djorgovski, S. G., Barth, A. J., Pravdo, S. H., Frail, D. A., Gal-Yam, A., Lipkin, Y., Mauch, T., ... Buttery, H. (2003). Early optical emission from the γ-ray burst of 4 October 2002. Nature, 422(6929), 284-286. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01504

@article{111eb2e448dc4b9d86c16ec66c287b05,

title = "Early optical emission from the γ-ray burst of 4 October 2002",

abstract = "Observations of the long-lived emission - or 'afterglow' - of long-duration γ-ray bursts place them at cosmological distances, but the origin of these energetic explosions remains a mystery. Observations of optical emission contemporaneous with the burst of γ-rays should provide insight into the details of the explosion, as well as into the structure of the surrounding environment. One bright optical flash was detected during a burst1, but other efforts2,3 have produced negative results. Here we report the discovery of the optical counterpart of GRB021004 only 193 seconds after the event. The initial decline is unexpectedly slow and requires varying energy content in the γ-ray burst blastwave over the course of the first hour. Further analysis of the X-ray and optical afterglow suggests additional energy variations over the first few days.",

author = "Fox, {D. W.} and S. Yost and Kulkarni, {S. R.} and K. Torii and T. Kato and H. Yamaoka and M. Sako and Harrison, {F. A.} and R. Sari and Price, {P. A.} and E. Berger and Soderberg, {A. M.} and Djorgovski, {S. G.} and Barth, {A. J.} and Pravdo, {S. H.} and Frail, {D. A.} and A. Gal-Yam and Y. Lipkin and T. Mauch and C. Harrison and H. Buttery",

note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements We thank D. L. Kaplan and C. Trujillo for assistance with supporting observations at Palomar and R. D. Blandford for discussions. The results presented in this paper are based on data obtained using the NASA-JPL CCD camera at the Oschin Telescope, Palomar Observatory, California Institute of Technology (Caltech). The research was performed in part by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). g-ray burst research at Caltech is supported in part by funds from NSF and NASA.",

year = "2003",

month = mar,

day = "20",

doi = "10.1038/nature01504",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "422",

pages = "284--286",

journal = "Nature",

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Fox, DW, Yost, S, Kulkarni, SR, Torii, K, Kato, T, Yamaoka, H, Sako, M, Harrison, FA, Sari, R, Price, PA, Berger, E, Soderberg, AM, Djorgovski, SG, Barth, AJ, Pravdo, SH, Frail, DA, Gal-Yam, A, Lipkin, Y, Mauch, T, Harrison, C & Buttery, H 2003, 'Early optical emission from the γ-ray burst of 4 October 2002', Nature, vol. 422, no. 6929, pp. 284-286. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01504

TY - JOUR

T1 - Early optical emission from the γ-ray burst of 4 October 2002

AU - Fox, D. W.

AU - Yost, S.

AU - Kulkarni, S. R.

AU - Torii, K.

AU - Kato, T.

AU - Yamaoka, H.

AU - Sako, M.

AU - Harrison, F. A.

AU - Sari, R.

AU - Price, P. A.

AU - Berger, E.

AU - Soderberg, A. M.

AU - Djorgovski, S. G.

AU - Barth, A. J.

AU - Pravdo, S. H.

AU - Frail, D. A.

AU - Gal-Yam, A.

AU - Lipkin, Y.

AU - Mauch, T.

AU - Harrison, C.

AU - Buttery, H.

N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgements We thank D. L. Kaplan and C. Trujillo for assistance with supporting observations at Palomar and R. D. Blandford for discussions. The results presented in this paper are based on data obtained using the NASA-JPL CCD camera at the Oschin Telescope, Palomar Observatory, California Institute of Technology (Caltech). The research was performed in part by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). g-ray burst research at Caltech is supported in part by funds from NSF and NASA.

PY - 2003/3/20

Y1 - 2003/3/20

N2 - Observations of the long-lived emission - or 'afterglow' - of long-duration γ-ray bursts place them at cosmological distances, but the origin of these energetic explosions remains a mystery. Observations of optical emission contemporaneous with the burst of γ-rays should provide insight into the details of the explosion, as well as into the structure of the surrounding environment. One bright optical flash was detected during a burst1, but other efforts2,3 have produced negative results. Here we report the discovery of the optical counterpart of GRB021004 only 193 seconds after the event. The initial decline is unexpectedly slow and requires varying energy content in the γ-ray burst blastwave over the course of the first hour. Further analysis of the X-ray and optical afterglow suggests additional energy variations over the first few days.

AB - Observations of the long-lived emission - or 'afterglow' - of long-duration γ-ray bursts place them at cosmological distances, but the origin of these energetic explosions remains a mystery. Observations of optical emission contemporaneous with the burst of γ-rays should provide insight into the details of the explosion, as well as into the structure of the surrounding environment. One bright optical flash was detected during a burst1, but other efforts2,3 have produced negative results. Here we report the discovery of the optical counterpart of GRB021004 only 193 seconds after the event. The initial decline is unexpectedly slow and requires varying energy content in the γ-ray burst blastwave over the course of the first hour. Further analysis of the X-ray and optical afterglow suggests additional energy variations over the first few days.

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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0242432339&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/nature01504

DO - 10.1038/nature01504

M3 - Article

C2 - 12646914

AN - SCOPUS:0242432339

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 422

SP - 284

EP - 286

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 6929

ER -

Early optical emission from the γ-ray burst of 4 October 2002

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