Early performance of 'fuji' and 'mcintosh' apple trees on several dwarf rootstocks in the 1999 NC-140 rootstock trial

'Fuji' and 'McIntosh' apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.) on CG.3041, CG.4013, CG.5179, CG.5202, G.16N (liners from stool beds), G.16T (liners from tissue cultured plants), M.9 NAKBT337, M.26 EMLA, Supporter 1, Supporter 2 and Supporter 3 rootstocks were planted at 19 locations ('Fuji' at 10 sites and 'McIntosh' at 10 sites) throughout North America as a uniform trial coordinated by the NC-140 Technical Committee. After five growing seasons, the only significant loss was of trees on M.9 NAKBT337, where only 67% remained. The largest trees were on CG.4013, and the smallest 'Fuji' trees were on Supporter 1, Supporter 2, Supporter 3 and M.9 NAKBT337. Trees on CG.4013 yielded the most over the first 3 years of fruiting. Trees on M.9 NAKBT337 and M.26 EMLA had among the lowest yields over this period. Trees on most other rootstocks yielded similarly and consistently between the two cultivars. Trees on Supporter 1, Supporter 2, Supporter 3, G.16N, G.16T and M.9 NAKBT337 consistently were the most yield efficient (cumulatively). Those on M.26 EMLA, CG.5202 and CG.4013 were consistently the least efficient. M.26 EMLA, M.9 NAKBT337 and CG.5202 consistently resulted in average fruit weight within the highest group. Supporter 1, Supporter 2 and Supporter 3 resulted in the smallest fruit. G.16N and G.16T resulted in the largest 'Fuji' fruit and among the smallest 'McIntosh' fruit.