Effect of Crossflow Transition on the Pressure-Sensitive-Paint Rotor in Hover

The amplification factor transport transition model has been extended to include crossflow transition and applied to a rotor in hover. Validation of the crossflow model implementation has been performed using standard test cases. The pressure-sensitive-paint rotor is simulated in hover for various collective pitch angles as a test case for the transition model. The OVERFLOW 2.2n solver is used with laminar–turbulent transition modeling and hybrid Reynolds–averaged Navier–Stokes/large-eddy simulation turbulence modeling enabled. Grid generation, numerical methods, and transition modeling are described. The effects of crossflow transition are qualitatively and quantitatively assessed through comparisons to experiments, to a transition model without crossflow, and to a fully turbulent model. Additionally, several techniques for evaluating unsteady boundary-layer transition are described and are applied to solutions for the pressure-sensitive-paint rotor in hover.