Abstract
Chemical enhanced oil recovery (cEOR) relies on the interactions of the injected chemicals with the surface-active components (SACs) of the oil-in-place and the rock surface to induce favorable physico-chemicalchanges. In this study, we investigate the effect of oil composition on the performance of low salinitywaterflooding (LSWF) in carbonate rocks using an integrated experimental approach. In addition, we assessthe extent of usefulness of total acid number (TAN) as an oil screening criterion for LSWF application incarbonate reservoirs by using model oils that have different SACs, but the same TAN. A variety of characterization techniques including thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), attenuated totalreflectance (ATR-FTIR) and zeta potential (?) are performed to investigate the molecular-scale effectof oil chemistry on rock-oil-brine interactions during LSWF. Sessile drop contact angle measurementsare also performed to quantify the influence of different SACs on the wettability of carbonate rocksamples. Concurrently, coreflood experiments are performed to evaluate the effect of oil composition onthe performance of LSWF in carbonate rocks in terms of Darcy-scale oil recovery. Results of this study show that oil chemistry significantly influences the performance of LSWF at allscales. Different molecular-scale interactions are observed in the presence of different SACs owing todifferences in their affinity to the rock surface, strength of adsorption, solubility in brine, as well as theirdistinct pore-scale wetting abilities. These differences translate into significant variation in Darcy-scaleoil recovery. In addition, carboxylic acid chain length is found to affect the amount of SACs adsorbedonto carbonate rocks during aging. Carboxylic acid chain length also affects the strength of adsorption,which in turn impacts the magnitude of wettability alteration during LSWF. Further, partitioning of SACsin brine is observed to influence the type of interactions taking place in the rock-oil-brine system, wherecarboxylate salts (soaps) generated in-situ are detected only in the presence of certain oil-brine pairs but notin the presence of others. Solubility of SACs in brine is also found to promote water-wetness. As a result,significant differences in the rate of oil recovery and ultimate recovery are observed when displacing fouroils by the same low salinity brine at similar experimental conditions. Finally, the value of TAN is found tobe insensitive to the type of acidic SACs present in the oil phase as long as they are monoprotic and their molar concentration in the oil is the same. Even within the same class of SACs, namely carboxylic acids,the usefulness of TAN is limited in differentiating between the type and molecular structure of the acid (i.e.:straight chain versus aromatic).
Original language | English (US) |
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DOIs | |
State | Published - 2020 |
Event | SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition 2020, ATCE 2020 - Virtual, Online Duration: Oct 26 2020 → Oct 29 2020 |
Conference
Conference | SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition 2020, ATCE 2020 |
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City | Virtual, Online |
Period | 10/26/20 → 10/29/20 |
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Fuel Technology
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology