TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of preparation protocol on anchoring quaternary ammonium/epoxide-forming compound into granular activated carbon for perchlorate adsorption
T2 - Enhancement by Response Surface Methodology
AU - Hou, Pin
AU - Cannon, Fred S.
AU - Nieto-Delgado, Cesar
AU - Brown, Nicole R.
AU - Gu, Xin
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge the NSF CBET/GOALI grant ( 0829092 ) and the Chinese Scholarship Council for financial support that made this research possible. This work was conducted at the Pennsylvania State University, while Pin Hou and coworkers were there.
PY - 2013/5/1
Y1 - 2013/5/1
N2 - A novel method has been developed for anchoring quaternary ammonium/epoxide-forming compounds (QAEs) within bituminous based granular activated carbons (GACs). This modified GAC was then used to remove perchlorate from groundwater. The effect of the preparation temperature (T), solution pH (pH) and the dry mass ratio of QAE-to-GAC (R) over the perchlorate adsorption capacity (Qe) were studied by the Response Surface Methodology. The combined effects of these variables were fitted to a quadratic model to determine the more favorable preparation protocol for perchlorate removal. Statistical analysis revealed that: (1) the interaction of T and pH incurred the most effect on Qe; and (2) two of the more favorable preparation protocols became apparent: one was at 75°C, pH 11 and R of 1.73g QAE/g GAC (U17), the other was at 35°C, pH 14 and R of 4.00g QAE/g GAC (U2). Rapid small scale column tests were further employed to evaluate the performance of the QAE-anchored GACs for perchlorate removal. U17 and U2 exhibited 18-20 times longer bed life (BV) to 6ppb breakthrough than did the Pristine GAC (900BV), when processing groundwater that had been spiked with 30-35ppb perchlorate. This indicated the statistical method enhanced GAC's perchlorate removal efficiency.
AB - A novel method has been developed for anchoring quaternary ammonium/epoxide-forming compounds (QAEs) within bituminous based granular activated carbons (GACs). This modified GAC was then used to remove perchlorate from groundwater. The effect of the preparation temperature (T), solution pH (pH) and the dry mass ratio of QAE-to-GAC (R) over the perchlorate adsorption capacity (Qe) were studied by the Response Surface Methodology. The combined effects of these variables were fitted to a quadratic model to determine the more favorable preparation protocol for perchlorate removal. Statistical analysis revealed that: (1) the interaction of T and pH incurred the most effect on Qe; and (2) two of the more favorable preparation protocols became apparent: one was at 75°C, pH 11 and R of 1.73g QAE/g GAC (U17), the other was at 35°C, pH 14 and R of 4.00g QAE/g GAC (U2). Rapid small scale column tests were further employed to evaluate the performance of the QAE-anchored GACs for perchlorate removal. U17 and U2 exhibited 18-20 times longer bed life (BV) to 6ppb breakthrough than did the Pristine GAC (900BV), when processing groundwater that had been spiked with 30-35ppb perchlorate. This indicated the statistical method enhanced GAC's perchlorate removal efficiency.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.cej.2013.03.006
DO - 10.1016/j.cej.2013.03.006
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84876321737
SN - 1385-8947
VL - 223
SP - 309
EP - 317
JO - Chemical Engineering Journal
JF - Chemical Engineering Journal
ER -