@article{debab5e69b934141835c47e331219c24,
title = "Effect of statins on the association between high temperature and all-cause mortality in a socioeconomically disadvantaged population: a cohort study",
abstract = "High temperature increases all-cause mortality. Thermoregulatory ability is impaired in persons with elevated serum cholesterol, but can be improved by the administration of statins, even in the short-term. We investigated whether the impact of high temperature (≥24 °C) on all-cause mortality among socioeconomically disadvantaged adults with a current or past indication for a statin is attenuated by current use of a statin with temperature dependence, by using claims data from five US Medicaid programs supplemented with Medicare claims for dual-enrollees and meteorological data from 1999–2010. We identified 3,508,948 persons (3,181,752 person-years) in a 1:1 propensity score-matched cohort. The incidence rate of all-cause mortality (deaths per 1,000 person-years) was 21.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.6 to 22.3) in current statin users and 30.1 (95% CI: 30.2 to 30.6) in former users. The adjusted odds ratios of mortality for current vs. former statin use were statistically significantly lower than 1.0, suggesting a protective effect of current statin use, on days with high temperature, with either daily average temperature or daily maximum temperature, and declined as daily average temperature increased from 29 °C and daily maximum temperature increased from 34 °C. These results were robust to the adjustment for daily relative humidity.",
author = "Nam, {Young Hee} and Bilker, {Warren B.} and Leonard, {Charles E.} and Bell, {Michelle L.} and Alexander, {Lacy M.} and Sean Hennessy",
note = "Funding Information: Competing Interests: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org. coi_disclosure.pdf. Y.H.N., W.B.B., M.L.B., and L.M.A. declare no conflicts of interests. C.E.L. serves on the Executive Committee of and SH directs the University of Pennsylvania{\textquoteright}s Center for Pharmacoepidemiology Research and Training. The Center receives funding from Pfizer and Sanofi, outside the submitted work. C.E.L.{\textquoteright}s spouse is employed by Health Union LLC, a health technology company that receives funding from Abbvie, Adamas, Celgene, Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, and Sunovion, outside the submitted work. M.L.B. has received a grant from National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (1R01ES027383), and S.H. has received grants from National Institute on Aging (R01AG025152) and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK102694). Funding Information: The authors thank Ms. Qing Liu and Ms. Min Du of the Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, for their assistance with biostatistics computer programming. This study was supported by US National Institutes of Health{\textquoteright}s National Institute on Aging (R01AG025152), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK102694), and National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (1R01ES027383). These organizations had no role in the design and conduct of the study, data collection and analysis, interpretation of the results, writing and review of the manuscript, or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. This study was conducted by the authors independently from the funders. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, The Author(s).",
year = "2019",
month = dec,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/s41598-019-41109-0",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "9",
journal = "Scientific reports",
issn = "2045-2322",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}