TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of diet-age and streptomycin on virulence of Autographa californica M nucleopolyhedrovirus against the tobacco budworm
AU - Hoover, Kelli
AU - Schultz, Christine M.
AU - Lane, Stephen S.
AU - Bonning, Bryony C.
AU - Hammock, Bruce D.
AU - Duffey, Sean S.
N1 - Funding Information:
This project was supported in part by grants from the National Science Foundation (DCB-91-19332), USDA Competitive Research Grants Program (94-37302-0567), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Center (P30 ESO5707), US/Israel BARD (IS-2139-92), UC Systemwide Biotechnology Research and Education Program, Interregional Research Project No. 4 (95-06746V), NSF DMS 95-10511 Center for Statistics in Science and Technology Group Infrastructure Grant, USDA Forest Service NAPIAP G-5-95-20-062, and E.I. DuPont De Nemours & Co. K.H. was supported by a fellowship from Novo Nordisk, Entotech. B. D. Hammock is a Burroughs Wellcome Scholar in Toxicology.
PY - 1997/1
Y1 - 1997/1
N2 - Addition of the antibiotic streptomycin to two artificial diets routinely used in bioassays of neonate larvae of Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm) infected with Autographa californica M nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) increased lethal times of the virus. After storage of diets for 3 weeks at 4°C, lethal times of infected larvae were significantly slower compared to those for larvae bioassayed using diets stored for 2 weeks or less. The effect of diet-age on rate of mortality was not the result of a change in total protein content or pH of the diet, but was apparently the result of some other alteration in the quality of the diet (e.g. microbial spoilage, palatibility, and/or nutritional value unrelated to total protein). Although we did not determine why lethal times were slower in response to streptomycin concentration or diet-age, we did find that slower lethal times were correlated with slower relative growth rates (RGR) of infected larvae. In addition, RGR of infected larvae decreased as a function of increasing streptomycin concentration, diet-age, and the interaction of the two factors. These results demonstrate that it is difficult to obtain consistent and comparable bioassay results if antibiotic composition and diet-age are not controlled. We suggest a standardized diet or highly standardized procedures for a given diet be developed that permits comparison of bioassays among and within laboratories.
AB - Addition of the antibiotic streptomycin to two artificial diets routinely used in bioassays of neonate larvae of Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm) infected with Autographa californica M nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) increased lethal times of the virus. After storage of diets for 3 weeks at 4°C, lethal times of infected larvae were significantly slower compared to those for larvae bioassayed using diets stored for 2 weeks or less. The effect of diet-age on rate of mortality was not the result of a change in total protein content or pH of the diet, but was apparently the result of some other alteration in the quality of the diet (e.g. microbial spoilage, palatibility, and/or nutritional value unrelated to total protein). Although we did not determine why lethal times were slower in response to streptomycin concentration or diet-age, we did find that slower lethal times were correlated with slower relative growth rates (RGR) of infected larvae. In addition, RGR of infected larvae decreased as a function of increasing streptomycin concentration, diet-age, and the interaction of the two factors. These results demonstrate that it is difficult to obtain consistent and comparable bioassay results if antibiotic composition and diet-age are not controlled. We suggest a standardized diet or highly standardized procedures for a given diet be developed that permits comparison of bioassays among and within laboratories.
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U2 - 10.1006/jipa.1996.4620
DO - 10.1006/jipa.1996.4620
M3 - Article
C2 - 9028927
AN - SCOPUS:0030638838
SN - 0022-2011
VL - 69
SP - 46
EP - 50
JO - Journal of invertebrate pathology
JF - Journal of invertebrate pathology
IS - 1
ER -