TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes compared to pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes on human small airway epithelial cells
AU - Mihalchik, Amy L.
AU - Ding, Weiqiang
AU - Porter, Dale W.
AU - McLoughlin, Colleen
AU - Schwegler-Berry, Diane
AU - Sisler, Jennifer D.
AU - Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.
AU - Snyder-Talkington, Brandi N.
AU - Cruz-Silva, Rodolfo
AU - Terrones, Mauricio
AU - Tsuruoka, Shuji
AU - Endo, Morinobu
AU - Castranova, Vincent
AU - Qian, Yong
N1 - Funding Information:
A.L. Mihalchik acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation through the IGERT program under grant DGE-1144676 . We would also like to acknowledge use of the WVU Shared Research Facilities.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015.
PY - 2015/3/20
Y1 - 2015/3/20
N2 - Nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (ND-MWCNTs) are modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with enhanced electrical properties that are used in a variety of applications, including fuel cells and sensors; however, the mode of toxic action of ND-MWCNT has yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we compared the interaction of ND-MWCNT or pristine MWCNT-7 with human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) and evaluated their subsequent bioactive effects. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction suggested the presence of N-containing defects in the lattice of the nanotube. The ND-MWCNTs were determined to be 93.3% carbon, 3.8% oxygen, and 2.9% nitrogen. A dose-response cell proliferation assay showed that low doses of ND-MWCNT (1.2 μg/ml) or MWCNT-7 (0.12 μg/ml) increased cellular proliferation, while the highest dose of 120. μg/ml of either material decreased proliferation. ND-MWCNT and MWCNT-7 appeared to interact with SAEC at 6. h and were internalized by 24 h ROS were elevated at 6 and 24 h in ND-MWCNT exposed cells, but only at 6 h in MWCNT-7 exposed cells. Significant alterations to the cell cycle were observed in SAEC exposed to either 1.2 μg/ml of ND-MWCNT or MWCNT-7 in a time and material-dependent manner, possibly suggesting potential damage or alterations to cell cycle machinery. Our results indicate that ND-MWCNT induce effects in SAEC over a time and dose-related manner which differ from MWCNT-7 Therefore, the physicochemical characteristics of the materials appear to alter their biological effects.
AB - Nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (ND-MWCNTs) are modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with enhanced electrical properties that are used in a variety of applications, including fuel cells and sensors; however, the mode of toxic action of ND-MWCNT has yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we compared the interaction of ND-MWCNT or pristine MWCNT-7 with human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) and evaluated their subsequent bioactive effects. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction suggested the presence of N-containing defects in the lattice of the nanotube. The ND-MWCNTs were determined to be 93.3% carbon, 3.8% oxygen, and 2.9% nitrogen. A dose-response cell proliferation assay showed that low doses of ND-MWCNT (1.2 μg/ml) or MWCNT-7 (0.12 μg/ml) increased cellular proliferation, while the highest dose of 120. μg/ml of either material decreased proliferation. ND-MWCNT and MWCNT-7 appeared to interact with SAEC at 6. h and were internalized by 24 h ROS were elevated at 6 and 24 h in ND-MWCNT exposed cells, but only at 6 h in MWCNT-7 exposed cells. Significant alterations to the cell cycle were observed in SAEC exposed to either 1.2 μg/ml of ND-MWCNT or MWCNT-7 in a time and material-dependent manner, possibly suggesting potential damage or alterations to cell cycle machinery. Our results indicate that ND-MWCNT induce effects in SAEC over a time and dose-related manner which differ from MWCNT-7 Therefore, the physicochemical characteristics of the materials appear to alter their biological effects.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.tox.2015.03.008
DO - 10.1016/j.tox.2015.03.008
M3 - Article
C2 - 25797581
AN - SCOPUS:84927768595
SN - 0300-483X
VL - 333
SP - 25
EP - 36
JO - Toxicology
JF - Toxicology
ER -