TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of pH and temperature on forward osmosis membrane flux using rainwater as the makeup for cooling water dilution
AU - Wang, Wendong
AU - Zhang, Yinting
AU - Esparra-Alvarado, Mariem
AU - Wang, Xiaomao
AU - Yang, Hongwei
AU - Xie, Yuefeng
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21007050 ) and the Science and Technology Nova Program of Shaanxi (No. 2014KJXX-66 ). We are also grateful for J. Mitchell Spear and anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions and advices.
PY - 2014/10/15
Y1 - 2014/10/15
N2 - Cooling water plays an important role in maintaining proper temperatures for many industrial processes. To compensate for water loss and to maintain proper cooling water quality, fresh water must be added to the circulating system. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of forward osmosis using rainwater as the makeup water source for the cooling water. It was determined that the average water flux was 1.75L/(m2·h) at 23°C and decreased gradually to 0.65L/(m2·h) after the draw solution was diluted 4 times. Although the changes in pH had a small direct effect on the water flux, the existence of sodium hydroxide would promote the dissolution of more carbon dioxide into the feed solution and thus inhibit the permeation process. However, the temperature showed a notable effect on the water flux. By increasing the temperature of the draw solution from 3°C to 50°C, the membrane flux increased approximately 10 times. During the extended operation, no decreases in flux were observed as a result of membrane fouling, even when 50mg/L kaolin or 25mg/L sodium alginate was added to the feed solution.
AB - Cooling water plays an important role in maintaining proper temperatures for many industrial processes. To compensate for water loss and to maintain proper cooling water quality, fresh water must be added to the circulating system. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of forward osmosis using rainwater as the makeup water source for the cooling water. It was determined that the average water flux was 1.75L/(m2·h) at 23°C and decreased gradually to 0.65L/(m2·h) after the draw solution was diluted 4 times. Although the changes in pH had a small direct effect on the water flux, the existence of sodium hydroxide would promote the dissolution of more carbon dioxide into the feed solution and thus inhibit the permeation process. However, the temperature showed a notable effect on the water flux. By increasing the temperature of the draw solution from 3°C to 50°C, the membrane flux increased approximately 10 times. During the extended operation, no decreases in flux were observed as a result of membrane fouling, even when 50mg/L kaolin or 25mg/L sodium alginate was added to the feed solution.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.desal.2014.07.025
DO - 10.1016/j.desal.2014.07.025
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84905712522
SN - 0011-9164
VL - 351
SP - 70
EP - 76
JO - Desalination
JF - Desalination
ER -