Electric-field control of the nucleation and motion of isolated three-fold polar vertices

Recently various topological polar structures have been discovered in oxide thin films. Despite the increasing evidence of their switchability under electrical and/or mechanical fields, the dynamic property of isolated ones, which is usually required for applications such as data storage, is still absent. Here, we show the controlled nucleation and motion of isolated three-fold vertices under an applied electric field. At the PbTiO₃/SrRuO₃ interface, a two-unit-cell thick SrTiO₃ layer provides electrical boundary conditions for the formation of three-fold vertices. Utilizing the SrTiO₃ layer and in situ electrical testing system, we find that isolated three-fold vertices can move in a controllable and reversible manner with a velocity up to ~629 nm s⁻¹. Microstructural evolution of the nucleation and propagation of isolated three-fold vertices is further revealed by phase-field simulations. This work demonstrates the ability to electrically manipulate isolated three-fold vertices, shedding light on the dynamic property of isolated topological polar structures.