@article{a76db8bbc56f4b5c9765e825f93e3b5f,
title = "Emergence of californium as the second transitional element in the actinide series",
abstract = "A break in periodicity occurs in the actinide series between plutonium and americium as the result of the localization of 5f electrons. The subsequent chemistry of later actinides is thought to closely parallel lanthanides in that bonding is expected to be ionic and complexation should not substantially alter the electronic structure of the metal ions. Here we demonstrate that ligation of californium(III) by a pyridine derivative results in significant deviations in the properties of the resultant complex with respect to that predicted for the free ion. We expand on this by characterizing the americium and curium analogues for comparison, and show that these pronounced effects result from a second transition in periodicity in the actinide series that occurs, in part, because of the stabilization of the divalent oxidation state. The metastability of californium(II) is responsible for many of the unusual properties of californium including the green photoluminescence.",
author = "Cary, {Samantha K.} and Monica Vasiliu and Baumbach, {Ryan E.} and Stritzinger, {Jared T.} and Green, {Thomas D.} and Kariem Diefenbach and Cross, {Justin N.} and Knappenberger, {Kenneth L.} and Guokui Liu and Silver, {Mark A.} and Deprince, {A. Eugene} and Polinski, {Matthew J.} and {Van Cleve}, {Shelley M.} and House, {Jane H.} and Naoki Kikugawa and Andrew Gallagher and Arico, {Alexandra A.} and Dixon, {David A.} and Albrecht-Schmitt, {Thomas E.}",
note = "Funding Information: This material is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Heavy Elements Chemistry Program, under Award Number DE-FG02-13ER16414 (TEA-S) and DE-AC02-06CH11357 (GL and DAD). We are especially grateful for the assistance and supervision by the Office of Environmental Health and Safety at FSU; specifically Jason A. Johnson and Ashley L. Gray of the Office of Radiation Safety for their facilitation of these studies. D.A.D. thanks the Robert Ramsay Chair Fund of The University of Alabama for partial support. The isotopes used in this research were supplied by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, by the Isotope Program in the Office of Nuclear Physics. The 243Am, 248Cm and 249Cf were provided to Florida State University via the Isotope Development and Production for Research and Applications Program through the Radiochemical Engineering and Development Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The 249Cf was purchased via the Gregory R. Choppin Chair Endowment. Magnetization measurements using the VSM SQUID MPMS were performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which is supported by National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-1157490, the State of Florida, and the U.S. Department of Energy. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.",
year = "2015",
month = apr,
day = "16",
doi = "10.1038/ncomms7827",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "6",
journal = "Nature communications",
issn = "2041-1723",
publisher = "Nature Research",
}