Ensemble Kalman filter assimilation of simulated HIWRAP doppler velocity data in a hurricane

This study utilizes ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) to analyze the potential impact of assimilating radial velocity observations of hurricanes from theHigh-altitude Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP). HIWRAP is a new Doppler radar mountedon the NASA Global Hawk unmanned airborne system that flies at roughly 19-km altitude and has the benefit of a 25-30-h flight duration, which is 2-3 times that of conventional aircraft. This research isintended as a proofof-concept study for future assimilation of realHIWRAPdata. The most important result from this research is that HIWRAP data can potentially improve hurricane analyses and prediction. For example, by the end of a 12-h assimilation period, the analysis error is much lower than that in deterministic forecasts. As a result, subsequent forecasts initialized with the EnKF analyses also improve. Furthermore, analyses and forecasts clearly benefit more from a 12-h assimilation period than for shorter periods, which highlights a benefit of the Global Hawk's potentially long on-station times.