TY - JOUR
T1 - Environmental and geographical factors contributing to watershed contamination with Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts
AU - Graczyk, Thaddeus K.
AU - Evans, Barry M.
AU - Shiff, Clive J.
AU - Karreman, Hubert J.
AU - Patz, Jonathan A.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank B. Mhangami-Ruwende for her technical assistance with processing of cattle manure samples and T. Shields for his assistance with transfer of the GIS 7les. This study was supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, STAR Grant R824995: ‘‘Integrated Assessment of the Public Health Effects of Climate Change for the United States.’’ Studies involving humans or experimental animals were conducted in accordance with national and institutional guidelines for the protection of human subjects and animal welfare.
PY - 2000/3
Y1 - 2000/3
N2 - Cryptosporidium parvum is a waterborne parasite which infects cattle and produces life-threatening zoonosis in people with impaired immune systems. Digital maps of 100-year floodplain boundaries, land use/cover, and livestock operations were used to select and characterize cattle farms in the floodplain area in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Over 21% of the cattle farms were located within 100-year floodplain boundaries. On average, a single farm comprised 12.8 ha of pasture (including buildings and farmyard) at risk of inundation. In all farms cattle had unlimited access to the creek. Manure samples collected from closed-in calf pens, cow/heifer yard runoff, and cattle paths through the creek were tested for C. parvum. On 64% of the farms (n = 50) at least one sample was positive for C. parvum, and 44% of the farms had oocysts in all manure samples. Concentration varied from 90 to 371 oocysts/g and was significantly higher (P< 0.02) in calf samples than in manure from cow and cow/heifer. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
AB - Cryptosporidium parvum is a waterborne parasite which infects cattle and produces life-threatening zoonosis in people with impaired immune systems. Digital maps of 100-year floodplain boundaries, land use/cover, and livestock operations were used to select and characterize cattle farms in the floodplain area in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Over 21% of the cattle farms were located within 100-year floodplain boundaries. On average, a single farm comprised 12.8 ha of pasture (including buildings and farmyard) at risk of inundation. In all farms cattle had unlimited access to the creek. Manure samples collected from closed-in calf pens, cow/heifer yard runoff, and cattle paths through the creek were tested for C. parvum. On 64% of the farms (n = 50) at least one sample was positive for C. parvum, and 44% of the farms had oocysts in all manure samples. Concentration varied from 90 to 371 oocysts/g and was significantly higher (P< 0.02) in calf samples than in manure from cow and cow/heifer. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
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U2 - 10.1006/enrs.1999.4022
DO - 10.1006/enrs.1999.4022
M3 - Article
C2 - 10702335
AN - SCOPUS:0034025163
SN - 0013-9351
VL - 82
SP - 263
EP - 271
JO - Environmental Research
JF - Environmental Research
IS - 3
ER -